Causes of the Cold War:
The Cold war happened in 1945 and 1990
-United States v. Soviet Union
-Democrats v. Communists
-Major causes were the differences in Governments. We were democratic and the soviet union was communist.
Free trade was an issue. Rivalry of power was an issue. We eached wanted the majority of the power. To see who could control the world with their government.
-Germany was split into 4 parts.
-We controlled the West and the Soviet Union controlled the East, this was the turning point in starting the Cold war
-Soviet Union didnt like the Truman Doctrine because they felt it was aimed at them because they were communist. Marshall Plan was rebuilding the European Countries
- The A bomb was a big one. Their were fears that we would attack each other.
-Truman didnt like Stalin thought he was agressive, not easy to get along with..
The differences in opinion was a big one. Opposite governments. We were all about freedom they wanted absolute control...
Policy of Containment:
-The domio effect: took place during 1950s and 1980s
- The effect was mainly about communism
-It says that if one country has communism as there government then the countries surrounding it will be become communist
-Iron Curtain Speech: it was the speech that was said by Winston Churchill.
-Said March 5th 1946
-He used the term Iron Curtain in his address
-It was a splitting between Europe ( East and West) (communist east, democratic west)
-Marshall Plan: it was officially called the European Recovery Act
-Established June 5th
-This program was a large scale program economic America if cash grants to Europe with repayment of the money.
-Goals were: rebuilding a war devestated region, removing trade barriers, modernrizing industy, and making Europe prosperous again from WWII. To ensure Europe didnt turn to being communist.
-Truman Doctrine:
-set up by Truman on March 12th 1947
- basically stated that the US would support Greece and Turkey with the economic and military aid to prevent them from falling to the SU.
-Mainly aimed to get rid of communism or to help it from spreading Greece and Turkey
-supported by the republicans, they had control of congress
-The Truman Doctrine was informally the blame for the cold war
House of Un- American Activites Committee: (HUAC)
-committee was created in 1938 to look into private citizens engaging in criminal acts against the US
-Main focus is keeping people from having communist ties
-famous people who were accused of being communist
-Them members of the HUAC are very determined to find communists and communust sympathizers by pressuring witnesses to give up the names of those who are communist
-witnesses who did not give the information needed were held in contempt of congress
-Joe mccarthey used HUAC ideas so he blamed them for communism
-McCarthyism was accusing people of treason without evidence.. this era was known as the second Red scare
-the 2nd red scare was the fear of communists spying on our government
-another fear was the soviet union attacking us with the A bomb
-the red scare helped minimize the communists in our country because they knew we were after them
-the HACU became less important by the 1960s
-in 1975 it ended
Senator Joe McCarthy and McCarthyism:
-McCarthyism was named afer Joe McCarthy
-Is the pratice of making accusations of disloyalty/treason
-It happened in the second red scare of the US
-Happened after WWII
-They put McCarthysim on commericials and posters, if you looked suspicious you were accused of being communist
-Joe McCarthy was always accusing people of being communist, he finally got turned away from the senate because he had no evidence that these people were communist
-Joe was always afraid of communists taking over the US
-Didnt want communists in the state departement
-His downfall was going after the military and he was saying they were communist when they were really heroes..
-He went into drinking he drank a lot! Alcoholism took him over..
China Becoming Communist
-Mao Zedong was Chinas leader of Peoples Republic
-Known for leading the communist party of China
-Chiang Kaishek was the leader of the nationlists
-The civil war started in 1949
-the communists were pushing the nationlists back during the war which eventually seperated china into 2 groups
-These groups were known as the Republic of China (tawain) and the peoples republic of china (mainland of china)
-Use that term like their standing up for the people (peoples republic)
-After China got rid of the nationlist they took controll over all of China
-in 1958 Mao launched a five year plan known as the great leap forward
-The food production was banned so they could compete with us and the Soviet Union
-Cultural Revolution: Mao Zedong was afraid that people would turn against him since he was communist
-Finished the communizing of china for Mao Zedong, corruption was threat to Mao
-lots of killing took place
-Thought people were going to forget who brought them to power
-People thought that Mao should be taken away from power
Cuban Missile Crisis:
-The US started to build missile bases in Turkey and Italy which would attack the capitol of the Soviet Union
-The US began to react images of the missile bases emerged
-Eventually kennedy decided to form a naval blockade around the island of Cuba
-The US demanded that the Soviet Union dismantle the bases in exchange of the US agreeing to not invade Cuba
-The whole crisis subsided with the US and USSR getting rid of the bases in the problem area
-We had attempted to invade Cuba in 1961
-Fidel Castro was confident that we would try and attack them once again
-This whole crisis happened during October of 62' there was a fear that a nuclear war was going to break out
-IF a missle was launched it would be taken as an attack against the US
-If anyone made a wrong move a nuclear war would break out
-Only one person had died in combat
-eleven others died from a few aircraft crashing
-Krushchev had sent many letters to Kennedy to try and get him not to attack them
-On October 28th krushechev took away all they bases which ended the crisis
Ronald Reagans Stragetic Defense intiative:
-Purpose was to develope an anti ballistic missile system
-this was thought to protect us from missile attacks on other countries, especially the SU
-our response to predicted nuclear attack
-thought of people were against because of the cost
-critics thought we wouldnt have enough room to set up research for this
-weapons were needed for the plan, required a lot of space
-would take over a billion dollars to cover all the exspences
-we planned on intercepting missile while they were still in the air
-the plan failed because it was too far fetched
-the designs of the plan were close to impossible to create
-it was almost over 30 billion dollars that was invested at the end
The Berlin Blockade:
-We wanted Germany to be rebuilt but the Soviets wanted to destroy them..
-The allied forces wanted to repair Germany
-Stalin and the Red Army set up in East Germany whiled the US was in the West
-We set up this airlift called the Berlin Airlift
-Our planes would drop 13 tons of supplies everyday in Berlin
-They ended the blockade after 11 months
-We dropped supplies everyday and it was just pointless because it wasnt doing anything
-The soviets had one choice just to shoot at our planes but then that'd cause a nuclear war..
-The soviets had offered to drop supplies but Berlin refused
-We set up bases just incase the soviets did attack our planes
The Nuclear Arms Race
- The first nuclear weapons were produced by the United states through the Manhatton Project
-The US had a monopoly over the nuclear weapons during the years of WWII
-On august 1949 the soviets made their first nuclear weapon
-Both nations had nuclear weapons.. as technology increased the bombs got better
-When the soviets launched sputnick the world thought they might launch a missile attack on us
- satellites were used to detect a nuclear strike before it happened
-people were taught how to react to a nuclear attack
-If an attack to place then MAD were be put into play so nuclear weapons wouldnt be used offensively
--The UK and China started getting nuclear weapons as well
N.A.T.O
-stands for north atlantic treaty organization. of one of the other countries gets attacks we have to help ward off the attacker(s).In september 1952 the first major NATO maritime exercises began. Soviet UNion wanted to join NATO. France withdrew from NATO on Dec. 12 1979 we gave Europe nuclear arms. Organized a lot of organization and plans after teh 911 attack. recently put a no-fly zone over libya. NATO states put a weapon embargo against Libya.Only a defensive alliance.
Destalinization-Stalin died and we would have to learn how to deal with the new guy. Destalinization is undoing want Stalin did be nicer to people.
Peaceful Coe Existance we can live peacefully in the world without going to war. We dont have to like eachother just get along.
Fidel Castro and the Bay of Pigs
-Fidel castro was the leader of Cuba he was a communist led a cuban revolutuion in 1959 over threw the cuban dictator became prime Minister of Cuba. many people that didnt like him were sent to jail. Homosexuals were sent to jail had close ties to the Soviet Union.IN 1960 Richard Bissell drafted a top-secret policy a program of covert against the castro regime (JMARC) They nedded resistance inside and outside Cuba tried to embrassass Castro. Recruitment of cubans on the coast of Guatemala. The invaasion was on april of 1961 cuban exiles launched their invasion. Lansding on the beach Playa Giron. The night of the invasion the CIA coordinated a diversion. teh set small boats and crafts that sent out signals and sounds for a possible invasion. It failed majorily!We wanted to stop communists. we thought that we are going to send a lot of Cubans we thought that there would be a popular uprising and it didnt happen so we failed.
Nixon's goes to China
-We have an Open door policy anyone can trade with China. On feb. 21 1972 first president to go to the Peoples Republic of China. our goal was to try and get rid of communisum during the cold war. Stayed in china for about a week. Meet with Mao Zedong. The only other american in the meetings were NIxons bodyguards.
Causes of the Cold War:
The Cold war happened in 1945 and 1990
-United States v. Soviet Union
-Democrats v. Communists
-Major causes were the differences in Governments. We were democratic and the soviet union was communist.
Free trade was an issue. Rivalry of power was an issue. We eached wanted the majority of the power. To see who could control the world with their government.
-Germany was split into 4 parts.
-We controlled the West and the Soviet Union controlled the East, this was the turning point in starting the Cold war
-Soviet Union didnt like the Truman Doctrine because they felt it was aimed at them because they were communist. Marshall Plan was rebuilding the European Countries
- The A bomb was a big one. Their were fears that we would attack each other.
-Truman didnt like Stalin thought he was agressive, not easy to get along with..
The differences in opinion was a big one. Opposite governments. We were all about freedom they wanted absolute control...
Policy of Containment:
-The domio effect: took place during 1950s and 1980s
- The effect was mainly about communism
-It says that if one country has communism as there government then the countries surrounding it will be become communist
-Iron Curtain Speech: it was the speech that was said by Winston Churchill.
-Said March 5th 1946
-He used the term Iron Curtain in his address
-It was a splitting between Europe ( East and West) (communist east, democratic west)
-Marshall Plan: it was officially called the European Recovery Act
-Established June 5th
-This program was a large scale program economic America if cash grants to Europe with repayment of the money.
-Goals were: rebuilding a war devestated region, removing trade barriers, modernrizing industy, and making Europe prosperous again from WWII. To ensure Europe didnt turn to being communist.
-Truman Doctrine:
-set up by Truman on March 12th 1947
- basically stated that the US would support Greece and Turkey with the economic and military aid to prevent them from falling to the SU.
-Mainly aimed to get rid of communism or to help it from spreading Greece and Turkey
-supported by the republicans, they had control of congress
-The Truman Doctrine was informally the blame for the cold war
House of Un- American Activites Committee: (HUAC)
-committee was created in 1938 to look into private citizens engaging in criminal acts against the US
-Main focus is keeping people from having communist ties
-famous people who were accused of being communist
-Them members of the HUAC are very determined to find communists and communust sympathizers by pressuring witnesses to give up the names of those who are communist
-witnesses who did not give the information needed were held in contempt of congress
-Joe mccarthey used HUAC ideas so he blamed them for communism
-McCarthyism was accusing people of treason without evidence.. this era was known as the second Red scare
-the 2nd red scare was the fear of communists spying on our government
-another fear was the soviet union attacking us with the A bomb
-the red scare helped minimize the communists in our country because they knew we were after them
-the HACU became less important by the 1960s
-in 1975 it ended
Senator Joe McCarthy and McCarthyism:
-McCarthyism was named afer Joe McCarthy
-Is the pratice of making accusations of disloyalty/treason
-It happened in the second red scare of the US
-Happened after WWII
-They put McCarthysim on commericials and posters, if you looked suspicious you were accused of being communist
-Joe McCarthy was always accusing people of being communist, he finally got turned away from the senate because he had no evidence that these people were communist
-Joe was always afraid of communists taking over the US
-Didnt want communists in the state departement
-His downfall was going after the military and he was saying they were communist when they were really heroes..
-He went into drinking he drank a lot! Alcoholism took him over..
China Becoming Communist
-Mao Zedong was Chinas leader of Peoples Republic
-Known for leading the communist party of China
-Chiang Kaishek was the leader of the nationlists
-The civil war started in 1949
-the communists were pushing the nationlists back during the war which eventually seperated china into 2 groups
-These groups were known as the Republic of China (tawain) and the peoples republic of china (mainland of china)
-Use that term like their standing up for the people (peoples republic)
-After China got rid of the nationlist they took controll over all of China
-in 1958 Mao launched a five year plan known as the great leap forward
-The food production was banned so they could compete with us and the Soviet Union
-Cultural Revolution: Mao Zedong was afraid that people would turn against him since he was communist
-Finished the communizing of china for Mao Zedong, corruption was threat to Mao
-lots of killing took place
-Thought people were going to forget who brought them to power
-People thought that Mao should be taken away from power
Cuban Missile Crisis:
-The US started to build missile bases in Turkey and Italy which would attack the capitol of the Soviet Union
-The US began to react images of the missile bases emerged
-Eventually kennedy decided to form a naval blockade around the island of Cuba
-The US demanded that the Soviet Union dismantle the bases in exchange of the US agreeing to not invade Cuba
-The whole crisis subsided with the US and USSR getting rid of the bases in the problem area
-We had attempted to invade Cuba in 1961
-Fidel Castro was confident that we would try and attack them once again
-This whole crisis happened during October of 62' there was a fear that a nuclear war was going to break out
-IF a missle was launched it would be taken as an attack against the US
-If anyone made a wrong move a nuclear war would break out
-Only one person had died in combat
-eleven others died from a few aircraft crashing
-Krushchev had sent many letters to Kennedy to try and get him not to attack them
-On October 28th krushechev took away all they bases which ended the crisis
Ronald Reagans Stragetic Defense intiative:
-Purpose was to develope an anti ballistic missile system
-this was thought to protect us from missile attacks on other countries, especially the SU
-our response to predicted nuclear attack
-thought of people were against because of the cost
-critics thought we wouldnt have enough room to set up research for this
-weapons were needed for the plan, required a lot of space
-would take over a billion dollars to cover all the exspences
-we planned on intercepting missile while they were still in the air
-the plan failed because it was too far fetched
-the designs of the plan were close to impossible to create
-it was almost over 30 billion dollars that was invested at the end
The Berlin Blockade:
-We wanted Germany to be rebuilt but the Soviets wanted to destroy them..
-The allied forces wanted to repair Germany
-Stalin and the Red Army set up in East Germany whiled the US was in the West
-We set up this airlift called the Berlin Airlift
-Our planes would drop 13 tons of supplies everyday in Berlin
-They ended the blockade after 11 months
-We dropped supplies everyday and it was just pointless because it wasnt doing anything
-The soviets had one choice just to shoot at our planes but then that'd cause a nuclear war..
-The soviets had offered to drop supplies but Berlin refused
-We set up bases just incase the soviets did attack our planes
The Nuclear Arms Race
- The first nuclear weapons were produced by the United states through the Manhatton Project
-The US had a monopoly over the nuclear weapons during the years of WWII
-On august 1949 the soviets made their first nuclear weapon
-Both nations had nuclear weapons.. as technology increased the bombs got better
-When the soviets launched sputnick the world thought they might launch a missile attack on us
- satellites were used to detect a nuclear strike before it happened
-people were taught how to react to a nuclear attack
-If an attack to place then MAD were be put into play so nuclear weapons wouldnt be used offensively
-The UK and China started getting nuclear weapons as well
-N.A.T.O: stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization
-Basically if one country was attacked we had to go in and help ward off the attackers
-Soviet Union wanted to join N.A.T.O
-France eventually withdrew from N.A.T.O
-On december 12 1979 we gave Europe nuclear arms
-Organized a lot of organizations and plans after 9/11 attacks
-recently put no fly zone over Libya
-N.A.T.O states put weapons embargo against Libya
-Destallinisation: As soon as Stalin died Krushchev came to power. This was where he wanted to be better to his people. He started talking about Peaceful CO existence. Stalin never thought we could do that without going to a nuclear war.
Fidel Castro and the Bay of Bigs:
-He was communist and he wanted to be the leader of Cuba
-He overthrew the Cuban Dicatator eventually became the prime minister of Cuba
-A lot of people that didnt like Fidel Castro left the country. He began to become paranoid didnt trust many people
-Got rid of his enemies also became very close to Russia we didnt like that
-We tried to get resistence inside and outside of Cuba
-The CIA had talks with the mafia and crime bosses about the assassinations
-The invasion took place in April of 1961 cuban exiles launched their invasion
-Castro had 200,000 men waiting to attack
-Kennedy took the blame for how bad things went over in Cuba
-Bissell resigned from the CIA
-Main reason we wanted to invade Cuba was keep the communism isolated and not to have it keep spreading
-We couldnt stop Cuba this led up to the Cuban Missile Crisis
1970s Peace Attempts:
-Peace corps: bunch of volenteers mostly doctors and engineers was to help 3rd world countries develope
-As it became older in history the volenteers were older as well
-2 workers returned to be elected into the US senate
-July 1972 Nixon put peace corps into action
-Detente was a word used for relaxation in international affairs, associated with US, Russia, and China
-Salt I: strategic arms limitation talks involved US and SU on the issue of armanent control tried to get rid of atomic weapons
- Salt II: was sought to curtail the manufacture of nuclear weapons took it a little further....never actually happened
Effects of the Soviets invasion of Afghanistan:
- happened in dec. of 1979 last abouted 9 years
-They invaded because wanted to perserve communism around their borders
-Afghanistan is run by the soviets
-a civil war broke out between the SU and afghan guerillas or mujahideen
-We kind of helped them out, helped trained their men
-the SU still had good control over the afghans
-President carter ordered an embargo
-The US boycotted the olympics in Moscow
-It was aimed towards the Soviet Union and any other communist related countries. Carter ordered this to protest the invasion.
INF Treaty
-Perestroika means reconstructing and rebuilding. Glasnost means openess. Gorbachev wanted to open the country to peoples rights. These are Russian words. Intermediate range Nuclear force treaty. Couldnt use nuclear weapons within a certain range. Reagan was one of the people who signed the treaty. He was the president of the United States. Gorchev was the other guy who signed the treaty. They signed the treaty because of how it would come if one country used it.
Why the United States won the cold war
-The soviet Union invaded Afghanistan-The prime minister invaded Afghanistan and the Muslums thought that they were going to get rid of the touditions and the Muslums tries to over throw the USSR. US put ban on export of gain to Russia knew Russia had gotr into their own Vietnam. Mikhail Gorbachev took Russia out of Afghanistan.
-Reagan and Gorbachev meetings-Dismanent plan reduce nuclear arsenals. Chermobly disorder realized nuclear weapons was not the answer. It was a radiation leak and it is still affecting the people today. Reagan wanted to get rid of all nuclear weapons. Gorbachev and Reagan began to trust eachother. Together they ended communisum in the USSR.
-Glasnot and Perestroika-Glasnot means openess Perestroika gave businesses the choice to be a private business or public and it gave people more say. more people in political process and allowed critisim of gov. officals.
-Influences like Pope John Paul II and Margaret Thatcher- Revolution of Spirit motivated for freedom. Supported Reagan about wrongs of communism.
The Fall of Communism and the End of the Cold War
-The fall of communism were the revolutions that overthrew the Soviet style communist states eastern bloc European Countries. The cold war was to dominate international affairs for decades and many major crisis occured the cuban missile crisis vietnam and the berlin wall. NATO was the aagreement that if someone attacked a counrty in the agreement we would help them. The eastern Communist countries were East Germany Poland hungary and bulgaria. It was called the cold war because they was no fighting they just argured because they didnt want nuclear weapons to be used. Russia and the US started to reduce the number of nuclear weapons.
Korean Conflict
-The forgotten war it was between WWII and the Vietnam war. !950-1953. Korea was split into 2 parts north and south north communist and south democratic. Back and forth war. North invaded the south the US got involved. The United nations invades and we push them to the border of china. Truman didnt want us to invade china. they invaded we pushed them back we push them they push us back it was a back and forth war. Eisenhower stopped the war. North and South Korea are still at war. Korea has nuclear weapons. they are on the acts of evil list. They send weapons to countries that we dont like. North Korea is in bad shape and South Korea is in good shape. We have troops there today and the north has nuclear weapons that scares us. The north invaded to unite the country under communism.
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