eisenhowers accomplishments..
-dominated by the cold war-containment policy..
-used CIA to do covert-ops to disrupt communist gov't abroad..
-opened relations with Spain..
-ended korean conflict and promised in his 1952 election campaign..
-defensive alliances were signed with south korea and taiwan..
-SEATO.. was formed.. south east aisa..
-increased US involvement in southeast korea (vietnem) US advisors sent..
-developed idea that nuclear weapons would be defensive weapons (deterrence)
-started nasa becoz of soviet sputnik launch..
-US spy plane U-2 was shot down over USSR..
-allowed mccarthy to do his thing but privately did not approve..
-eisenhowers doctrine.. aimed at communists*
-believed in laissez faire..
-believed in balanced budget..
-deported around 1 mil illegal immigrants (mostly mexicans..)
-sent federal troops to little rock to help in the desegregation of all public schools 1954- brown case..-
-helped pass the federal aid highway act of 1956..
---Kenedy---
-served in WWII
-was a US representative and Senator for Massechusetts before becoming president..
-married Jacqueline Lee Bouvier..
-first and only catholic president..
-youngest elected president and second youngest president..
-assainated in 1963 in Dallas, texas, by Lee Harvey Oswald..
-struggled getting domestic deals passed..
-stopped us from getting into a war against russia..
-tried getting man on the moon..
-equal rights..
-went to school to become a doctor..
-was doctor for a little bit..
-ran against vice president richard nixon..
-first presidential televised debates that took place..
-many say this helped JFK win the election..
-east berlin was communists..
-bay of pigs invasion in 1961..
-cuban missle crisis..
-alliance for progress with latin america..
-kenedy increased the number of helicopters, military advisors, and special forces in vietnam..
-the CIA helped the new Ba'ath Party gov't overthrow Communists in iraq. this new party systematically murdered large numbers of iraq's educated elite..
-nuclear test ban treaty..
-new frontier..
-promised federal funding for:
1.edu.
2.medical care for elders..
3. economic aid to rural areas
4.gov't intervention of the recession..
5. end racial discrimination..
-peace corps was established in 1961 wehere americans volenteer to help underdeveloped nations in areas such as edu. farming. health care, construction..
-signed the equal pay act of 1963 a federal law aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex..
-warren commision..
---Johnson---
-JFK's vice president..
-took over as president after JFK was assasinted..
-johnson used scare tactics to win election..
-put together warren commision investigate the JFK assasination..
-passed civil rights act of 1964 which outlawed most forms of racial segregation..
-passed viting rights act in 1965 which outlawed descrimination in voting.. which allowed mollion of southern blacks to vote for the first time..
-started affirmative action laws..
-passed immigration acts on 1965 which allowed more non-European people in immigrate into the US immigration more than doubled between 1965-70..
-Great Society--
-Johnson's plan:
- aid edu.
- attack disease.
- -medicare and medicaid.--still around today..
- urban renewal
- beautification conservation development of depressed regions.
- war on poverty
- control and prevention of crime.
- -removal of obsticles to the right to vote..
- elementary and secondary edu act of 1965.. for the first time large amnts of federal money went to public schools and the focus was poor schools..
- higer edu act of 1965 which focused on funding lower income students.. including grants and loans work study money and gov't loans..
- National Endowment for the humanities and the national endowment for the arts..
- economic opportunity act started headstarts.. which was for kids younger then kindergarten..
- gun control act of 1968 regulates the firearms industry and firearms owners passed in response in the assasinations of JKL MLK
- Johnson and vietnam..
- the vietnam conflict dominated much of johnsons presidency..
- believed in domino theory..
- gulf of tonkin resolution (1964) congress gave johnson complete power to wage a war in vietnam as he saw fit..
Richard Nixon..
- only president to run for VP and P..
- vietman conflict dominated much of his presidency-war became very unpopular.
- promised to end the war..
- expannded the war to cambodia and laos-bombing Ho Chi Minh Trail..
- started pulling troops out of vietnam as promised..
- veitnimization of the war.. The nixon doctrine..
- national enviornmental policy act..
- clean air act of 1970..
- federal water plooution control act.
- established many gov't agencies..
- envi.. protection agency..
- occupational safety and health admin..
- council on enviornmental quality..
- war on drugs 1971..
- supplemental security income.. provides $ to low income people who are either aged , blind, or disabled..
- saw large scale integration of schools in the south..
- supported affirmative action..
- signed title 9 prohibiting gender discrimination in all federally funded schools..
- equal employment opportuninty act- enfroces laws against workplace discrimination based on anyones race, color, national origin.. religion.. sex.. age.. percived intellegence and disability..
- abortion was legalized during nixons presidency..
- US astronauts landed on the moon.. 1969..
- nixon approved the development of NASA's space shuttle program..
- in 1972 nixon traveled to china where the president was to have direct talks to Mao Zedong and Chou En-lai..
- this eased relations with the US and china and china(not taiwan) was recognized as the official China..
- went to moscow in 1972..
- Salt I was signed limiting nuclear weapons..
- supported Isreal in the Yom Kippur War (1973) where israel was attacked by Eqypt and Syria..
- watergate scandal.. 5 men broke into the watergate hotel in washington DC.. wanting to re-elect nixon..
- tried to sabbatoge the democrats..
Gerald Ford..
- pardoned nixon..-- corupt bargain..
- whip inflation --called americans to reduce their spending and consmption in an attempt to stop inflation..
- edu for all handicapped children act (75) established special ed. in schools thruout the US..
- detente with USSR
- ford wanted to help south vietnam when north vietnam invaded in 1974 but congress refused..
- by april 1975 all of vietnam became communist..
- indochina migration and refugee assistance act was passed to allow refugees in immigrate to the US..
COLD WAR PROJECT..
- Causes of the Cold War....
- united states v. soviet union..
- democrats v. communists..
- 1945-1990..
- democracy..-get a say over everything..
- communist- controlled..
- US- democrats..
- Soviet Union..- communists..
- free trade.. we thought it'd be good :P
- soviet union didnt agree..
- rivalry over power.. they wanted power over us, we wanted power over them..
- splitting of germany..
- britain, france, US= west..
- soviet union= east..
- US= choice..
- USSR= disagree..
- iron curtain..
- europe=???
- truman doctrine..-help any country the is threatened by communism..
- marshall plan..- helped rebuild european countries economies..
- Atomic bomb..- US had it, and soviet union started creating them..
- intensified the Cold War..
- truman didnt like stalin..
- Policy of containment, domino effect, iron curtain speech, marshall plan,truman doctrine..
- 4 main topics..^^
- domino effect..-took place during the 1950's to 80's..
- mainly about communism..
- if one country was communist then everywhere else would "be communist"
- when countries would follow communism was caled the domino effect..
- promoted by govt of US..
- iron curtain speech..
- winston churchill.
- used term iron curtain in sinew of peach address..
- soviet dominated eastern europe..
- splitting between east and west europe..
- Figurative..
- marshall plan..
- ERP-european recovery act..
- 1947-51 george marshall-head guy..
- secretary of state..
- rebuilding a war devestated reigon..
- removing trade barriers..
- modernizing industry..
- making europe prosperous again..
- insure that they didnt turn communist..
- truman doctrine..
- set up by harry truman..
- US would support greese and turkey..
- didnt want communists..
- greece had been supported by britain and they were near bankruptcy and they had to reduce their involvement and that we help them..
- feb.1947 is when we started to help them..
- sent $400 mil. no military forces..
- truman doctrine was informally the blame of the American cold war..
- house commity unamerican activities..
- HUAC
- created in 1938 to wook into private citizen engaging in criminal acts against the US..
- keeping people from having communist ties..
- hollywood blacklist..
- famous people accused of being communist..
- they were blacklisted..
- gov't watching..
- werent able to get a job..
- determined to find communist people and sympathizers just so it wouldnt spread and people had to give names if they knew any names.. of people..
- whoever didnt tell were held in contempt of congress..
- joe mccarthy accused people of being communist..
- second red scare was the fear of communists spying on our govt,
- fear of USSR atomic bombing the US..
- red scare minimized the communist activity.. layed low..
- became less important by the 1960's..
- Cuban Missile Crisis..
- the US started to build missile bases in Turkey and Italy. which could attack the capital of the soviet union, moscow.
- the cuban missile crisis is the name for the soviet union and cuban govt responding by building..........
- the US then began to react when images of the bases were discovered..
- JFK then formed the EX-COMM, which was a group of people designated to handle the situation at hand..
- kennedy decided to form a naval blockage around the island of cuba..
- the US dertermined that the USSR dismantle the bases in exchange of the US agreeing to not invade cuba..
- eventually the whole crisis subsided with the US and USSR getting rid of the bases in the problem area..
- US attepted to invade cuba..
- fidel castro was confident that the US would attempt a second attack..
- premier nikita khrushchev
- during october 1962 there was much fear of a nuclear war breaking out..
- US was ready to attack cuba.. if anything were to happen..
- if a missile was to be launched ti would be taken as an attack against the US..
- if anyone was to make one wrong move a nuclear war was going to start..
- it seemed like so many people were going to die and only one person was killed in combat and 11 others died from a few aircraft crashes..
- there were several exchanges of communication..
- krushchev was attemping to get kennedy to remove bases..
- october 15th- images of bases..
- oct. 16 JFK found out..
- oct 22.- kennedy announced that there were missile bases..
- oct 28.. krushchev began to dismantle the basses which ended the crisis..
- ronald regans strategic defensive initiative..
- march 23 1983..
- develope a anit ballistic missile system..
- thought to protect us from missile attacks on other countries esspecially the Soviet Union..
- it was our response to predicted nuclear attacks from other countries..
- star wars""
- alot of people against it becoz they thought that it would cost a lot of money...
- thought that it wouldnt have enuf room to do it..
- thought soviet uniion would get even more mad..
- thought it was a waste of money..
- weapons took up alot of space..
- a lot of power was needed for this.. didnt know they would have enuf..
- take over a billion dollars to cover all the expenses..
- xray lasers projectiles that were comp guided that would be fired by electromagnetic rail guns and subatomic beams..
- strategic defense initiative organization was established..
- the plan failed at that time..
- nuclear power method was too difficult to use..
- wasnt enuf space for everything..
- design was close to impossible to make..
- 30 billion dollars was used in the end to a plan that failed..
- missile defense agency..
- trying to make all this stuff to happen..
- more advanced technology..
- ground and sea based radars.. and still trying to get lasers to work..
- hit to kill technology..
- berlin blockade..
- between soviet union and allied forces
- afraid they would use nuclear weapons.
- germany was set up into 4 zones.
- during the blockade the soviet union blocked the railroads going into berlin to block supply lines..
- created the idea of the berlin airlift.
- our planes dropped tons of stuff for them..
- allied forces wanted to repair germany and the soviets wanted to destroy it..
- stalin and the "red army" set up in east germany while the US was in west germany..
- blockade lasted about 11 months.
- berlin airlift..
- our planes would come in and give them 13 tons of supplies a day to give them what they needed.
- russia wanted fly in supplies too but they refused..
- eventually hit the winter.. and people usually live off of potatoes and bread and had little to no electricity..
- that is why we had to drop supplies to them..
- soviets offered to drop supplies too and the people of berlin still refused..
- the US put B29 bombers (could carry atomic bombs) on bases in great britain..
- nuclear arms race..
- the manhattan project was the first project of nuclear weapons created by the united states.
- even tho the soviet union was an allied power they US wanted to keep the weapons a secret for they didnt trust them..
- the US had a monopoly over nuclear weapons during the WWII years.
- soviets were secretly building nuclear weapons..
- we didnt think that the soviet union until mid 50's..
- august 29 1949 was when soviets denotated their first nuclear weapons.
- after both nations got nuclear weapons it was a race to get hugher quality bombs..
- intercontinental ballistic missiles were created.. deliver missiles to any part of the world. and didnt require the use of bombers..
- when soviets lauched sputnik sattelite in 1957 it was feared that they might launch a nuclear missile attack that would reach any part of the world this also had a major role in starting the space race..
- defense tactics.
- satellites were designed to detect a nuclear strike b4 it happened..
- large bunkers were made to save leaders and citizens built fallout shelters..
- people were taught how to react to a nuclear strike in an act of civil defense..
- mutual assured destruction.. was the US and USSR's mutual understanding that nuclear strike from either side would cause massive damage to both parties..
- came into play in the 1950's when either side had enuf power to completely obliterate the other side..
- even if the otehr side was able to launch and obliterate the enemy.. the other side would be able to send a counter strike to destroy the first attacker..
- UK peoples of repulic of china and france also had nuclear weapons..
- N.A.T.O..
- stands for north atlantic treaty organization..
- assigned on aprl 4th 1949.
- if another country gets attacked then we would help them..
- in september 1952 the first major nato maritime exercises began..
- soviet union wanted to join nato..
- france withdrew from nato.
- on december12 1979 we gave europe nuclear arms..
- organized a lot of organizations and plans after the 9/11 attacks..
- recently put a no fly zone over lybia..
- nato states put a weapons embargo against lybia..
- destalinization- stalin dies.. knew how to deal with him.. guy tht comes to power startsundoing everything that stalin did.. and that was destalinization..
- peaceful co-existence..- we can live peacefully in the world, and without going to war..
- until bay of pigs..
- fidel castro and the bay of pigs.
- fidel castro was a communist..
- led cuban revolution.
- over threw cuban dictator.
- and attempted to take over cuba before in 1956
- was sent to jail got released and trained in mexico.
- 250.000 of the 6mil people abandoned their country..
- get rid of ministers he didnt trust.
- people went to jail for going against him..
- a program of covert against the castro regime.. richard bissel....
- tried to embarrass castro..
- recruited cubans against castro to miami..
- invasion took plavce on the landing on the beach playa giron.
- in april 1961 cuban exiles launched their invasion.
- in the night they triedd to plant a diversion and they planted boats to create a diversion..
- at midnight on april 17th 1400 landed at snrise..
- 2 hours after landing 270 troops had been unloaded..
- many lost their weapons and luggage..
- by the end of the day the communists had found and killed osvaldo ramirez..
- kennedy was informed that we were doing terrible..
- kennedy took the blame for the loss.. and bissell resigned for the CIA..
- reason we wanted to invade was so we could stop communism from spreading..
- when we couldnt stop cuba it continued to be linked to the soviet union which may have led up to the cuban missile crisis..
- the bay of pigs was a disgrace..
- bay of pigs blew up in kennedys face..
- nixons visit to china.
- today we have open door policy with china..
- have = rights to china..
- nixon went to china.. and was first president to visit peoples republic since it was established in 1949..
- our goal was to try to get rid of communism during the cold war..
- meetings with mao zedong.
- secret meeting.. didnt want info going out in the US..
- only his body guard could go in.
- didnt wanna get involved since china was communist and we were democracy.. if china wasnt communist then the korea or vietnam war would have never happened..
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