What were the two alliances during WWll and what countries belonged to each?
Axis
major ones
Germany
Italy
Japan
Allied
The big 5
US
Great Britain
France
Soviet Union
China
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
it ended WWll
Territorial- Germany lost a lot of land (lost land to france, belgium, denmark, czechoslovakia, and poland)
Military consequences- germany’s army was reduced to 100,000 men; the army was not allowed tanks, not allowed an airforce, and was allowed only 6 capital naval ships and no submarines
Financial- Germany had to pay $33 billion to the Allies, loss of vital industrial territory would be a severe blow to germany’s economy.
General-
Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war. This was Clause 231- the infamous “War Guilt Clause”
A league of nations was set up to keep world peace
League of Nations-
What is it? It is a world wide peace keeping organization, where countries come together to hash out issues
What were its weaknesses?
The U.S. didn’t join, we were very powerful and the most powerful country in the world
They didn’t have a military force (LON)
Four power pact
Treaty signed by the United States, Great Britain, France and Japan at the Washington Naval Conference in 1921
Countries agreed to respect each other's possessions in the pacific and not seek further territory
Five power pact
Signed by Great Britain, the US, Japan, France, and Italy
Designed to prevent an arm’s race
It limited the construction of battleships, battle cruisers and aircraft carriers
did not restrict cruisers, destroyers, or submarines
Nine power pact
Guaranteed Chinese independence and upheld the Open Door Policy
Signed by the US, Japan, China, France, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Countries that signed agreed to not go to war to settle disputes
Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Great Britain, India, The Irish Free state, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Poland, South africa, and the US originally signed
65 countries eventually signed
London Naval Conference-1931
It took the 5 power pact to the next level, to close the loopholes
Monday 14-
USSR Prior to WWII
- Russia drops out of WWI(1917) to fight Bolshevik Revolution
- Russia became communist and changed name to USSR in 1922
- Purges and deportations to slave labor camps in Siberia
- Strengthened the intelligence and secret service
- Created a "Cult of Personality"
- Nationalization and Collectivization of the Soviet economy
- Five year plans
- Policies led to famine in Ukraine (5-10 million died-considered a genocide by some)
- Banned religion
USSR in WWII
- Signed German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact in 1939 leading to the invasion of Poland
- Also invaded Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Finland in 1939
- Signed Neutrality Pact with Japan in 1941
- Invaded by Germany in 1941
- Stalin instituted his retreat and "scorched earth" policies
- The Russian winter of 1941-42 changed the tide of the war
3/15 Tuesday -
Island Hoping-
- -eventually getting closer to Japan
- eventually losing supplies and running out
- Kamikazes- Japanese dive bombers and Airplanes
Summer of 1945 - Preparing for Invasion of Japan
- Operation downfall
- Planned for October, 1945
- Estimated to have over 1 million casualties
- Estimated to have 267,000 deaths
- Why did this never take place? - we had the atomic bombs
The Manhattan Project
- 1939-1945
Trinity test- July 16, 1945 - hotter than the sun
Enola Gay
- B-29 super
- weighed 10,000 pounds
- Airplane
VJ Day
- Victory of Japan Day
- August 14/15, 1945 (Official UK)
- September 2, 1945 (Official for US)
- When Japan officially signed on USS Missouri
Wednesday 16 - War with Japan
Potsdam-
- On July 26, the US, Great Britain, and China issued the Potsdam Declaration
- Announced the terms for Japan's surrender
- "We will not deviate from them. There are no alternatives."
- Dismantle the current government of Japan (excluding Emperor Hirohito)
- The Allies (US) will occupy Japan
- Japan will consist only of the major islands (Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku) It will lose all territory gained in WWII and years leading up to it
- Japanese military forces will be disarmed and allowed to return home
- There will be war crime trials for the atrocities committed by Japan throughout WWII
- Democracy will be promised as well as Freedom of speech, religion, and of thought, as well as respect for fundamental human rights(Universal Declaration of Human rights)
- World Trade was enabled
Germany
- Operation Torch - invasion of Morocco
- U-Boats - Submarines
- Convoy System
- Allied Intelligence - Churchill and Roosevelt knew the importance of intelligence in safeguarding Allied commerce to defeat the Axis Powers
- The Allies shared information from RADAR and high frequency Radio Direction Finding
- RADAR provided detecting vessels and aircraft above surface
- Shared code-breaking secrets (Enigma, Bombe)
- Hunter-Killers - chased down and sank U-Boats
- Depth Chargers
D-Day
- Eisenhower
- General, supreme Allie commander and led
- June 6, 1944 Operation Overlord
- define - cross the English channel invasion of allied powers against France
- George Patton and Omar Bradley -leaders
- D in d-day stands for day
- US 6,603 (1,465 killed)
- United Kingdom - 2,700
- Canada 1074 (359 fatal)
- By June 11, with the beachheads firmly secured
- More than 326,000 troops had crossed with more than 100,000 tons of military equipment
- Paris was liberated on August 25
- Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945
Thursday 17
- Battle of the Bulge
- Coldest, snowiest battle
- 100,000 German causualties
- 81,000 Amercans casualities
- Bloodiest battle for the US in WW2
- Malmedy Massacre
- Where 86 American soldiers were captured and killed, was the worst atrocity against American troops during the course of war in Europe
- US win
- Yalta Conference Feb. 1945
- Last conference with all FDR, Stalin, and Churchill
- They agreed on:
- The establishment of the United Nations
- Germany to be divided into 4 zones
- Free elections allowed in the states of eastern Europe
- USSR promised to koin the war against Japan
- V-E Day-May 8th, 1945
- Home Front
- Women in WW2
- Rosie the Riviter
- Represented women in WW2
- Encouraged to work in factories
- Farm workers
- Bus drivers
- Waitresses
- Laundress'
- Time keepers
- Etc.
- Rosie the Riviter
- Women in WW2
- Native Americans transmitted MAGIC codes so that no one could never listen/comprehend our messages but we understood theirs
- African Americans in WW2
- Segregated (all black units)
- Did menial tasks (cleaned, cooked, etc.)
- Tuskegee Institute/Airmen
- Weren't allowed to fly right away
- Eventually did air campaigns in Italy
- Asian Americans in WWII
- Women worked/men fought
- Hollywood in WWII
- Used to help the media
- They made Germany/Japan look terrible but make the US look awesome
- All about propaganda
- Bob Hope and the United Service Organization (USO) Tour
- Went and saw troops to help raise morale
- OPA and Rationing
- Office of Price Administration was established in 1941
- Food rationing included restrictions on sugar, meat, clothing, silk, nylon
- Gasoline rationing began in May 1942 limiting to 5 gallons a week
- By the end of 1942, half the nation's automobiles were issued an A sticker, allowing 4 gallons a week
- The other half got a B sticker or C stickers (unlimited)
- Truckers had a T sticker
- A black market developed in stolen or counterfeit stickers
- Got a food ration book each week/full of stamps to get food
Friday 18
- War Bonds -
- buy now and then eventually make money
- Helped pay for the war
-Went over test
Comments
You are missing the week of March 21-25.