March Week 7-11

Monday-

Great Britain

Churchill

  • Born November 30, 1874 and died at age 90 in 1965
  • Was sent to boarding school near London
  • In 1893 he headed off to military school(After he became journalist)(Age 26- published 6 books)
  • How he became to power?
    • Gained more members in his conservative party
  • How he lost power?
    • Attlee won all the vote in 1945 election
    • Right after he lead the allies to victory

Attlee

  • How he came to power?
    • Won the 1945 election

Chamberlain

  • Prime minister of Great Britain right before War
  • How he came to power?
    • Led Britain the first 8 months of WWII

Battle Strategies-

  • Survived German bombing campaign
  • Churchill's idea to defeat Germany- then go up through Italy instead of defeating France right away

Major Events-

  • London Naval Conference
    • 1930
    • Was the third in a series of 5 meetings
    • Formed with the purpose of placing limits on the naval capacity of the world's largest naval power
  • League of Nations
    • Formed in 1920
    • Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland
    • Created after WWI to provide a forum for resolving international disputes
  • WWI Payments
    • Germany had to pay Great Britain payments to help them repair all the damage
    • Had to pay Great Britain about 34 billion
    • Germany had o pay a total of 132 billion Reichsmarks for the damage that was done
  • Washington Naval Conference
    • Between 1921-1922
    • World's largest naval powers that was gathered in Washington D.C. for a conference to discuss naval disarmament and ways to relieve growing tensions in East Asia
  • Munich Conference
    • September 28-29, 1938
    • Leaders of Great Britain, France, and Italy agreed to allow Germany to annex certain areas of Czechoslovakia
  • Kellogg Briand Pact
    • 1928
    • It was an agreement to outlaw war
    • Signed on August 27, 1928
    • Called "Pact of Paris

Basic Facts

  • Alliances- US, China, Denmark, Greece, Mexico, Soviet Union, France, Australia
  • Casualties- Military 326,000   Civilian- 62,000
  • Deaths- 452,000 Civilians- 60,000 Allies- 44 Million total 

Cost of War

  • 1945- $120 billion

War goals-

  • Stop Hitler
  • To survive
  • To win

Major battles-

  • Battle of North Africa
    • Started June 10, 1940 to May 13, 1943
    • Britain depended on oil from Suez Canal
  • Battle of Britain
    • July 10th 1940
    • Germany and Hitler conquered Europe
    • Great Britain was left
    • Germany bombed Great Britain every day
    • Great Britain tried taking over the Royal Air force(British air force)
    • Allies won because of the radar
    • Hitler wanted air superiority over Royal Air Forces and Britain
    • Luftwaffe(British army) targets RAF airfields and raids cities
    • British people show great residence to the assault
    • Germany fails to destroy British air defences 
  • Battle of Italy
    • September 3, 1943-1944
    • US and Great Britain planned to invade Italy
    • Plan was to get Italy out of the war
    • Italy surrendered, Allies won

People who had major impact-

  • Winston Churchill- Prime minister of Britain

The Great Depression- 

  • Largest economic depression of the 20th century in UK
  • American markets crashed in 1929
  • Huge unemployment rate

1930s- Road to War

  • Signs of threat from Germany
  • Neville Chamberlain's policy of appeasement

WWII-

  • War declaration on Germany in 1939
  • Winston Churchill's appointment to prime minister
  • Evacuation of British soldiers from Belgium

  • USA joins war
  • Allies succeed in North Africa and attack Italy

Result of War-

  • US lost its leading position in the world
  • UK lost many colonies
  • New international peace organizations

Great Britain- Propaganda and Impact on Homefront

Impact on the Homefront-

  • Limited domestic consumption
  • They had to forcibly reduce citizens' consumption
  • Children were sent to live in the country
  • Many propaganda runs that prevented or delayed the press from publishing info that would damage public spirits

Propaganda-

Impact WWII had on Great Britain-

  • Throughout WWII Britain was run by the government
  • The government became more involved in people's lives during the war
  • Far from being resented most people welcomed this government intervention

The Soviet Union's Involvement

  • Russian Civil War
    • November 1917-October 1922
    • Between the "Reds" and the "Whites"
    • The Red army was fighting for communism
    • White army Favorited monarchism and capitalism
  • Stalin's Five Year Plan
    • Series of nationalized plans for the economic development of the Soviet Union
    • Had unrealistic goals in the industrial development
    • Brought all industry and industrial development under state control by collectivism and nationalism
    • Collectivism- Practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it
    • Nationalism- Process of transforming private assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state
    • Government took over all the farms and businesses
  • Soviet and German non aggression Pact
    • Signed on August 23, 1939 before the beginning of WWII
    • Pact was broke when Germany attacked Soviet Union on June 22, 1941

Basic Facts-

  • Casualties- Total deaths, 23,100
  • Military Deaths: 10,700
  • Civilian Deaths- 12,400
  • Total cost of the war: $192 billion in 1945- 2 Trillion in today's money

War Goals-

  • Stalin's actions to expand as much as possible in all directions
  • Destroy their most dangerous rival, Nazi Germany
  • Expand Soviet Communist system to control people and resources
  • Launches invasion into Germany from east, helping to force Nazi surrender

Impact on Soviet Union-

  • Economy was devastated
  • 1/4 of country's capital resources were destroyed
  • Industrial and agricultural output in 1945 fell short of prewar levels
  • Rebuild countries
  • Germany made reparations to Soviet Union
  • Allied powers won
  • Postwar reconstruction period, Stalin tightened domestic controls, justifying the repression by playing up the threat of war with west
  • The USSR keeps northern part of East Prussia w/ gain of territory USSR becomes leading world power

Cold War-

  • WWII, US, and Soviet Union fought as allies against the Axis powers
  • Their tense relationship is what got into the Cold War

Why did Soviet Union win WWII-

  • Russian cold winters- used to the weather
  • Germany invaded land too big
  • Had more people fighting
  • Forced Germans back to Germany
  • Underestimated them
  • More troops(more allies)

Important Military People-

Tuesday-

Wednesday-

Thursday-

Friday-

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