Monday-Class quiz tomorrow over Southeast Asia
What do you think the median pay in Iowa is for a man? $45,000 Women? $35,000
The Depression- FDR attempted to equalize pay for women and men but couldn't get enforcement. Eleanor Roosevelt became a role model. Frances Perkins became first female cabinet member.
Work War II- Rosie the Riveter, Women in the military, Women still did traditional jobs
1950's- Women were expected to go back home, homemaker, mothers, support their man, enjoy their appliances, young brides
Second wave of feminism- 1950's: Post war message- Feminine women didn't want careers, higher education, political rights. 60% women dropped out of college to marry. Fewer and fewer women entered professional work.
By 1960- Dresses, preparing supper. Then the "trapped housewife" was discovered. People argued underemployed women were a wasted resource.
Betty Friedan- Wrote Feminine Mystique. Focused her attention on housewife role of women. Argued that women didn't have to give up their families. They could do more, have a career.
Equal Pay Act 1963- First federal law prohibiting sexual discrimination. Abolished wage differences based on sex.
Civil Rights Act 1964- Banned discrimination on the basis of color, race, national origin, religion, sex
Presidential Executive Order- Prohibited bias against women in hiring by federal government contractors.
Tuesday-
National Womens Organization:
- Founded in 1966
- Betty Friedan became the organizations's first president
- The goal of NOW is to bring about equality for all women
- They campaigned to gain passage of the ERA amendment at the state level
- Pushed for abortion rights and Civil Rights Act
- Issues:
- Eliminate harassment in the workplace and school
- Secure abortion, birth control, and reproductive rights
- End all forms of violence against women
- Eradicate racism, sexism, and homophobia
- Promote equality and justice in society
- Changes:
- More women go to college
- More women enter the workforce
- More women go into professions
- Working to eliminate discrimination and harassment in the workplace, schools, and the justice system
- More women's reproductive freedom, including abortion
- Generated a movement for gay rights
1972
- Congress included Title IX in the Higher Education Act, providing, "No person in the US shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal assistance."
1980
- 51.5% of all adult women held jobs outside of the home
- Includes over 60% of women with children between the ages of 6-17
- Inequalities in pay still exist
1990
- 1993 - Family and Medical Leave Act goes into effect ....
- Entitles eligible employees to take unpaid, job-protected leave for specified family and medical reasons
- Twelve workweeks of leave in 12-month period for:
- the birth of a child and to care for the newborn child within one year of birth
- to care for the employee's spouse, child, or parent who has a serious health problem
- the placement with the employee of a child for adoption or foster care and to care for the newly placed child within one year of placement
- a serious health problem condition that makes the employee unable to perform the essential functions of his or her job
- 1994 - Gender Equity in Education Act to train teachers in gender equity, promote math and science learning by girls, counsel pregnant
- 1997 - Elaborating on Title IX, Supreme Court rules that college athletics programs must actively involve roughly equal numbers of men and women to qualify for federal support
2000 - Present
- Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009
- restored the protection against pay discrimination that stripped away by the Supreme Court's decision in Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber
- Women can now serve in all roles within the military
Not Passed
- Paycheck Fairness Act
- create incentives for employers to follow the law, empower women to negotiate for equal pay
- Fair Pay Act
- It would require employers to provide equal pay for work of equal value
In 2009, 15% of Americans lived in poverty. Women are 29% more likely to live in poverty than men. Why? More single parent moms out there.
41% of all births are to an unmarried man.
Average age of marriage: 20 in 1960. 26 in 2008. More time for college and work.
In the 147 largest US cities, women's salaries are 8% higher than men's.
Between Dec 07 and Deb 10, 70% of jobs loss were men.
Women overtook men in college B.A.'s in early 1980's. 60% of all B.A.'s are given to women.
56% better chance for women of getting a B.A. by age 22 and 25% chance better of getting a B.A. 28.
Why are girl's doing better than school? ---- Girls tend to be more socially and behaviorally mature than boy all throughout school. Starting in middle school and extending into high school, girls see success in school leading to success in college and in their career.
Girls are better readers upon entering elementary school.
Right now, 66 million girls are missing from classrooms.
Why is getting an education for girls extremely important around the world?
- Better jobs and better pay
Wednesday-Thursday: Absent Friday- No school
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