Today we went over Mr. Bruns' power point again, and before that some children stumped him with their avatars for extra credit or something.
Financial -
The loss of vital industrial territory would be a servere blow to Germany's economy. Coal from the Saar and Upper Silesia in particular was a vital economic loss.
Combined with the financial penalties linked to reparations, it seemed clear to Germany that the Allies wanted nothing else but to bankrupt them.
Germany was also forbidden to unite with Austria to form one superstate.
World War II started because Hitler and Stalin were trying to take back land that they had lost in the Treaty of Versailles
Adolf Hitler (Germany-Axis Powers)
Benito Mussolini (Italy-Axis Powers)
Winston Churchill (Great Britain-Allied Powers)
Franklin Roosevelt (U.S.-Allied Powers)
Tajekai To Jo (Japan-Axis Powers)
Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union-Allied Powers)
General -
Germany had to admit fulll responsibility for starting the war. The was Clause 231 - the infamous War Guilt Clause
Germany as it was responsible for starting the war as stated in clause 231 was therefore responsible for all the war damage caused by the First WW. Therefore they had to pay reparations the bulk of which would go to France and Belgium to pay for the damage done to both countries by war. The figure was eventually put at 33 billion dollars.
League of Nations was set up to keep world peace.
World wide peace keeping organization - goal was to keep world peace.
weakness: The US never joined it - Woodrow Wilson wanted to get into the League of Nations but Congress thought we would end up being in war with other countries like Europe.
I. Treaty of Versailles
-know what it specifically did and how it helped lead to WWII
II. League of Nations
-define and explain it's weaknesses
This was Woodrow Wilson's final and main point in his Fourteen Points campaign. It was meant to be a peace keeping organization that would hopefully prevent any future wars. One of the league's biggest weaknesses was that the U.S never joined. At the time, the U.S. was more isoaltionist and didn't want to get involved with European conflicts. They thought it would put us in wars constantly. This really hurt the prestige of the league because the U.S. was the most powerful nation at the time. The league also did not have their own military which weakened them even more. It also required unanimous vote to make decisions so things did not get done fast enough. They could issue sanctions but they would never really enforce anything. Like a guidance councellor would could talk to you but not do anything. If we had joined, Hitler may not have become so powerful
-Why didn't the US join
III. Know the basics about the following countries:
-How did WWI/Treaty of Versailles impact this country
-How did this country change in the 1920's/1930's(includes leader coming to power and their goals).
-What was/were this countries military strategies in the 1920's and 1930's.
-How was this country involved on WWII(what alliance did they belong to, how were they involved within the war)
Germany -
Geography was changed dramastically because countries were joining.
Right after WW1 Germany wasn't in good shape. They shruggled from the get-go. Hitler made Germany strong. Goals : Germany took over Austria and Czecholsvokia before the war started since they had German people in them (undo Treaty of Versailles. Lebensraum(living space). Wanted to create an Arian race. Hitler promised the country he'd give people jobs. Weimer Republic was a brand new democracy. President was elected every 7 years, appointed judges, commander in Cheif of Armed Forces, article 48 allowed him to make laws without Parliment in an emergency. Chancellor (Head of the government) runs the country day to day and has to command a majority in the Reichstag (Hitler) Reichstag (Parliment) elected by Proportional Representation Passed Laws. Public (all men and women over 20 were allowed to vote). Hitler brought Nationalism, Germans were proud of their country again. Hitler was trying to get rid of the humiliation from the Treaty of Versailles. Military was kept small for the Treaty of Versailles. Germany was the whole reason for the war in Europe. Allies were Japan and Axis power. After the war was over they split Germany in two. Millions and millions and millions of people died. German cities were bombed and massively destroyed. Nazi's were not allowed to stay in power. They went on trial. Some went to South Africa.
Italy -
Treaty of Versailles cheated them out of a lot of land. They promised Italy land and didn't get it. Leader wanted to take over the Mediteranian. Italy was an alli of the U.S. in World War I. They were angry because they did not get all the land they were promised. Had a constitutional monarchy at first with King Emmanuel Benito Mussolini worked his way up through the military and the king helped him develop his own government. Part of the Facist party. Basically a dictatorship where everything you do should benefit your country. Italy was very weak militarily. The king asked Mussolini to become the leader because he knew he would not allow communism. Mussolini gave army jobs, stregthened the military/economy, and kept out communists. Mussolini got a big head and wanted to dominate the mediteranean area and as much of Africa as possible. War strategy: Mussolini built up his navy and army so they could dominate the land and sea. They were allies with Germany because Hitler and Mussolini were good friends
Soviet Union -
Russian kings were called czars(Government). Vladimir Lenin USSR planned to have a utopian societry (previous leader) Joseph Stalin became leader and later became a dictator - trying to tell farmers how to farm. He started the process "Nationalization -industry" and "Collectivization- when the SU took over farms*** during the process of taking over business, more people died. He was building tanks and guns for teh Cold War so many people died because of so much labor*** he killed political opponents that he didn't trust and farmers fought back. Stalin invaded Poland. He improved the economic and agricultural output.
The Treaty of Versailles did not impact them too much. Before WWI they annexed Ukraine, Georgia and a few other countries. Became communist in the Bulshavick Revolution and dropped out of the war. Ended up losing a lot of land to Germany including Poland, Ethiopia, Lativia, etc. Joseph Stalin took over for Vladimir Lenin when he died. Started becoming a dictator and pushed for industry, telling farmers how to plant their crops. He started Five-Year plans where he wanted to increase agricultural and industrial output over the course of five years. Nationalization-Industry. Government took over all industrys in the Soviet Union. Collectivization-Farms. Government took over farms. People fought back because they didn't want their farms and businesses controlled by the country. About 10 million people died during the time when Stalin was taking over businesses in the Soviet Union. ***Was building tanks instead of food so people were starving. Their military was strong but their people were suffering. Killed any opponents too. More people died under his reign than under Hitler's. His goal was to improve the economy's output. Military strategy: had red army. Stalin was not ready for the German army. Destroyed everything during their retreat so that Germany could not use anything. Allies with Germany at first in the Soviet-German non-Agression pact where they agreed not to fight. Soviets invaded Poland and did a bad job and Germany invaded them. Then throughout most of the war they were allies with Great Britain, France, and the U.S. Winston Churchill said we should be more concerned with the Soviets than Germany. Soviets had the highest number of causualties in WWII
Japan -
Received German teritory, many islands. Had an emperor, Emperor Hirohito. Hideki Tojo was the leader of the military. Hirohito approved the attacking of Pearl Harbor. They couldn't trade with anyone because of high tariffs, and they wanted natural resources/imports. Invaded Manchuria, Northern part of China, to get their resources. Invaded the rest of China in 1937 to dominate Southeast Asia and be the dominant power. Military had too much power and didn't listen to Hirohito. Everything in Japan was pretty much destroyed because the United States was bombing them every day with the two atomic bombs and conventional bombs (basic bombs, non-atomic). Japan didn't want to invade the United States because they didn't think it would be easy. We weren't trading oil with them, and they really wanted us to. United States said Japan had to back out of China before oil would be traded with them again, but Japan didn't want to so they decided to bomb Pearl Harbor. Japan didn't want us to get into the war so they bombed us, because they thought they were wiping out our whole Navy. Many negative feelings came out after the Treaty of Versailles. They felt they deserved a place among the world powers but were being treated like a second-class nation. Admiral Yamamoto was educated in the United States but said if they wanted to beat us they had to take out the Pacific fleet. In the 1920s Japan did everything they could to make it look like they were close allies. When the great depression hit the military came to power and said if they can't trade anymore they will invade instead. Japan was practally demolished, but the United States helped rebuild it to stop the spread of Communism
Great Britain -
Got little land from Germany. Got money from Germany too, colonies from Africa cause of the Treaty of Versailles. Germany bombed Great Britian. Treaty of Versailles gave them some German colonies in Africa. Also got a lot of money from Germany. Form of government is constitutional monarchy. Winston Churchill as Prime Minister. Wanted to beat Germany in the war and keep his land and citizens safe. Great Britain was getting bombed every night. Told his people to keep fighting and never give up. Part of Allied Powers. Lost some of its great power and their empire fell apart
France -
Was glad Germany couldn't have an airforce. Semi Presidential. Charles Andre Degall and Marshal Henri Petain were leaders at the time. Petain listened to Hitler, like he was a slave. Goals were to promote industrial growth. He gave independence to Belgeria - ended the war. They wanted to make sure that Germany would stay weak and to prevent war. Military strategy took a defensive strategy for France. France was taken over. They had allied powers. They never really fuller recovered from the war since they were really damaged. Steel productions were cut in half.
China -
Chiang Kai Shek wanted to destroy communist. Leader of China at the time. Mao Tse - Tung was a communist fighting against Shek. China suffered a lot of casualties. Japanese soldiers treated the Chinese like crap (they raped). Chiang didn't like the USA because he thought we were gonna take over. Chiang wanted to get rid of democracy and communists. Mao wins and China becomes a communist country.
US -
Senate didn't want to sign the Treaty of Versailles because they thought they'd get into more wars. Had Republicans - FDR was prez at this time. But was a democratic place. They ended the Great Depression - stronger military.
Canada -
didn't have a very good government. Government was kind of a fighting government. William Makenzie King was their leader. He was political. Canadian navy helped escort ships. Allies - Allied powers. WW2 impacted Canada - they were known at first as the Agricultural Country, and then after they were known as the Industrial Country - the war helped industrialize the country. British Colony.
Australia
IV. Hitler's Treatment of the Jews
Genocide - killing off a race. 9 million jews lived in Germany - European Jews were killed. 6 million people died from the Holocaust. Something about witnesses? Hitler killed Jews - 6 million, Gypsies (spies), mentally/physically handicapped people( Hitler went after them first), Slavic people, Poles - 2.5 million dead, Homosexuals - 5 -15 thousand dead, communist/socialists, dark skinned people, mixed races, twins, Jehovah's Witnesses. Lebensborn was a place where Aryan's went. Aryan's were a superior race according to Hitler - Blonde hair, blue eyes, tall, muscular. You were treated like royalty if you looked like this. Another race that was inferior with Hitler was mixed races. Hitler said - "The Mulatto children came about through rape or the white mother was a whore." Nice words mister Hitler..
Nuremburg Laws 1935 - Took away German citizenship from Jews thus making Jews second class citizens by removing their basic civil rights.
- It established membership in the Jewish race as being anyone who either considered themselves Jewish or had three or 4 Jewish grandparents were considered to be mixed race. Eventually anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent was at risk in Nazi Germany.
- Jews could only marry Jews.
- No sexual relations between non-Jewish Germans and Jews.
1936 - Nazi boycott Jewish-owned businesses
1938 - Kristallnacht (Night of the Broken Glass) - On the night of November 9 - 10 gangs of Nazi's youth roamed through Jewish neighborhoods breaking windows of Jewish businesses and home, burning synagogues and looting. Jews were physically attacked and beaten and 91 died during the attack.
Germans (Nazi's) took over Jewish businesses.
1939 - Hitler orders the systematic murder of the mentally and physically disabled in Germany and Austria. Jews were required to wear armbands or yellow stars.
1940 - Nazi's begin to deport Germans Jews to Poland. Jews were forced to ghettos. Nazie's begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland.
V. Munich Conference-Policy of Appeasement
VI. US Role in the 1920's/1930's
-Washington Naval Conference
-Kellog-Briand Pact
-Neutrality Acts throughout the 1930's
-Quarantine Speech
-Bases for Destroyers
-Lend-Lease Act
VII. Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact
VIII. Outbreak of War--Blitzkrieg!!
-Japan and China
-Germany and Poland
-Germany and France
-Germany and Great Britain
-Germany and the Soviet Union
IX. Pearl Harbor
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