March 9-13

[5Jordan]

Monday- Japan group

Tuesday-

Wednesday-

Thursday-

Friday-

Japan Notes

Events between WWI & WWII

• 1926- Emperor Taisho died leaving his son to power (Hirohito)
• May 3, 1928- Jinan incident a conflict between China and Japan
• Japan were allies with us during WWI 
• Sep. 19, 1931- Attack China blaming china for attack
• 1933- leave League of Nations
• Multiple incidents with the US over the years causing tension
• 1934- renounced naval treaty: don't limit size air craft

Battle Strategies 

• getting more land
• attack US, try to weaken our army
• wanted more resources- Japan didnt have many resources and depended on trade, 
• Attack pearl harbor to start trading with US again
• attacking quickly 
• digging tunnels
• fight to the death

Washington Navel Treaty

• 1922
• reduced naval size
• signed by US, GB, Britain, Japan, France & Italy

Japanese War Goals

• Occupy South Asia, Oceania and China and use slave labor for the resources of Japan?
• Japan was isolated after WWI and struggled finding food 
• Land space becoming increasingly cramped
• sought to solve problem through invasion and expansion into southeast Asia and oceanic territories

Alliances 

• Axis Powers
• Germany, Japan, Italy

Hideki Tojo

• Japanese Prime Minister during War
• demoted by the emperor
• Executed as a war criminal - hung
• shot himself before he was hung 

Hirohito

• Emperor from 1926
• some say he has control over use of chemical and bacteriological weapons
• his generals took fully blame for him

Home front

• not well organized
• government paid more attention to propaganda
• not enough mobilization of man power, food supplies, aid shelters
• government wanted to raise birth rate
• millions died
• American Ariel bombing took 600,000 civilian lives
• 100,000+ Tokyo alone
• Battle of Okinawa- 80,000,000 deaths
• health and living conditions worsened after surrender in September 1945
• housing stock destroyed 
• houses trying to sell were destroyed
• increase in marriage rate

Tokyo Rose

• broadcast aimed at Allied forces to make them feel homesick
• Iva Toguri- most famous 
• Native Los angels and was stranded in Japan 

Propaganda

• Japan is the best, good
• aimed at America
• make america and everyone else seem back except for Japan
• Allied troops are bad

Battle Strategies Continued

• joined with Germany and Italy because they felt they got nothing from Treaty of Versailles
• signed a neutral pack with the USSR
• signed many treaties to stay safe
• attacked many islands 
• attacked Australia

Major Battles

• Pearl Harbor- Japan suffered few casualties
• Iwo Jima- dug tunnels to defend
• Nagasaki- directly killed 40,000 and 50,000 by end of one year
• Pacific Islands- stayed on the offensive for raw materials

Isoroku Yamamoto

• came up with Pearl Harbor attack 
• went to Harvard
• Naval Marshal General of Japan
• Died in a plane crash shot down by US

Kantaro Suzuki

• leader of Imperial Japanese Navy
• Made Hirohito sign Japanese surrender to the US
• died of natural causes

Nagumo

• Japanese admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy

Reasons they Lost

• Attacked Pearl Harbor- bad idea 
• Bringing American into the war
• Atomic bomb droppings
• Better weapons and vehicles
• fought to the last man- too many casualties
• weren't important to Germans 

Impact

• major cities were being rebuilt
• Atomic bomb ruined area
• Lack of resources- had to give to other countries after signing treaty
• Economic Turmoil

Bruns Japan Notes

Areas Controlled By Japan

• Regions in China- china was to japan as Soviet Union was to Germany- served as areas to get resources, size of country 
• French Indochina
• Hong Kong
• Thailand
• British New Guinea
• Philippines
• Guam
• Dutch East Indies
• Portuguese Timor
• Malaya (UK)
• India (islands)
• Singapore
• Kingdom of Sarawak
• Brunei
• North Borneo
• Wake Island
• Christmas Island
• Attu and Kiska Island

Areas Attacked but not conquered 

• Australia
  • Broome
  • Darwin
  • Newcastle
  • Sydney
• Columbia
• Kohima and Manipur (India)
• Colombo and Trincomalee
• Donor 
• United States- didnt plan to invade US 
  • Santa Barbra
  • Pearl Harbor
  • Midway Atoll
  • Fort Stevens

Japan in 1920

• weren't happy with treaty of Versailles
• joined league of nations
• wont try to take over land 
• reduced naval size
• agree to open door policy- China
• Signed Kellogg Briand Pact- outlaw war
• 5 Power Pact- US GB France Italy Japan limit Naval Power
• 9 Power Pact
• Great Depression changed everything

Japanese invasion of Manchuria

• wanted resources (raw material)
• league of nations doesn't do anything
• Manchuria controlled by Russia
• and Japan took over power
• had economical control over it 
• growing population, lots of factories
• used Manchuria to launch attack on China
• successful
• Japan dropped league of nations
• message sent: league of nations wasn't going to stop you

Rape of Nanking 

• mass killing of Chinese people
• mass raping of Chinese women
• Mass looting and arson
• Some in Japan denied it 
• still causes tension

Quarantine Speech

• quarantine- don't let it spread, close it off
• says US must quarantine other

Panay Incident 

• American gunboat attacked by Japanese airplanes
• happened on river in China 
• said it was accident
• paid US money
• made tension between US and Japan

Axis Powers

• Germany
• Italy 
• Japan

Pearl Harbor

• Dec 7, 1941 ******************************
• Hawaii 
• War Results
  • Japan victory
  • US declared war on Japan
  • Germany and Italy declare war on US
  • US declares war on Germany and Italy
• Battle Results
  • 8 US Navy battleships were damaged, 4 sunk
  • US aircraft destroyed
• Brought us into the war instead of taking us out ****************
• US didnt think Pearl Harbor would happen
• rumor Japanese couldn't see
• Pearl Harbor is small 

Japanese Leaders

• Hideki Tojo
• Emperor Hirohito- tried suicide, later hung
• Admiral Yamamoto- made up plan for pearl harbor

Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor

• To knock US out before we can fight*******************************
• we gave them oil 
• Japan signed soviet- Japanese Neutrality Pact
  • guarenteed Japan and USSR would not fight 
• Japan realized the need US trade to be successful in war
• Japan knew Pearl Harbor was a huge risk, but thought it was only way to defeat US
• Plan backfired 
• Japan "awoke sleeping giant" 

Backdoor to War Conspiracy

• we tried to attack Germany first instead of Japan????

Last day we declared war

• Dec 8, 1941
• a gait with who live in infamy us of america was suddenly attack by naval forces of Japan -FDR

Other Areas Japan attacked other than Pearl Harbor

• Malaya
• Hong Kong
• Guam
• Philippines
  • we lost it
  • US forces went to Australia
  • "I shall return"- MacArthur
  • Filipinos forced to march from camps to other camps, many died
• wake island
• midway island

Doolittle Raid 

• military was being defeated
• FDR stands up and demands we strike back at Japan
• launched bombs from aircraft carriers
• revenge for US 

Battle of Coral Sea

• turning point since war with Japan
• we won against Japan

Battle of Midway

• Major turning point
• we won
• one month after Coral Sea
• we pushed Japan back 
• found out their code before it happened

Guadalcanal

• we won
• island hopping 
• mini D-Day on each island

Kamikazes

• explosives on airplane and fly to target

Battle of Leyte

• slowly pushing Japanese back
• gulf in Philippines
• recapture Philippines
• we did 

Batton death march

Iwo Jima

• by getting the island we got a launch strip for our next attack
• island hopping
• famous flag raising 

Raising flag on Mt.Suribachi

Battle of Okinawa

• Japanese island
• thought we were going to invade
• we took it

Summer 1945 - Preparing for invasion of Japan

• Operation Downfall
• Planned for October 1945
• Estimated over 1 million casualties
• Estimated 267,000 deaths
• Why did this never take place?

Trinity Test

• we tested bomb
• first bomb in history

Enola Gay

Hero Shima bombing

Atomic Shadow

Kiroshima Nagasaki **************************

Nagasaki Bombing

• went wrong
• powerful weapons
• "fat man" 
• Japan surrendered days later

VJ Day

• Victory in Japan day
• officially signed USS Missouri
• August 14, 1945 - official UK
• September 2, 1945 - Official for US

Potsdam Conference

• July 26 US, GB and China issued the Potsdam Declaration
• Announced terms for Japan's surrender
• Japan didnt surrender?????????????????????????????????????????????
• *******IMPORTANT****************
• Dismantle current government of Japan (excluding Hirohito)
• The Allies will occupy Japan
• Japan consist only of islands
• It will loose territories they gained during WWII
• Japanese military forces will be disarmed and not allowed to return home
• War crimes trials committed by Japan
• democracy established