JAPAN:
Monday-Friday:
Japan presentation + individual tests over Japan
Had before a imperialistic flag
Washington Naval Treaty:
- reduced naval size
- signed by US, GB, Japan, France, Italy
- 5 power pact
War goals:
- Occupy south Asia, Oceania, and China; use slave labor to cultivate those area's resources for Japan
- after WWI they find themselves isolated; struggled finding natural goods and supplies
- land space was becoming increasingly cramped
- -> They thought to solve this problem through invasion and expansion into southeast Asia and the oceanic territories
Alliances:
- Germany
- Italy
- and some smaller countries
-Major events that impacted their country between WWI and WWII.
- 1926: Emperor Taisho dies, leaving his son Hiroshito in command
- Jinan incident a conflict between China and Japan
- Japan withdraws troops from China ending the Jinan Incident
- Signs London Naval Treaty regulating submarine warfare
- 1933 - Japan leaves the League of Nation
- invade China over the Mukden Incident
-Discuss basic facts: alliance, total casualties, total cost, war goals, etc
- high casualties: 2,870,000; they wanted to make sure that the enemy is dead even if it coasts a own life
- Battle of Okinawa; Battle of Iwo Jima: only 216 came out alive from 22,000
- Fight to the death
- 54,000,000,000 in claims
- $40,000,000 in industrial equipment sent to China, the Philippines, GB, and Netherlands
- -> they lost a lot -> economy went bad
- US ended interim with Japan in 1049 to prevent damage to the Japan economy
-Tell us about their leader(s) during WWII
- Hideki Tojo: born 1884; Japanese Prime Minster during the war; he wanted to kill him self, didn't work, missed his heart; he wanted to go to Pearl Harbour Attack
-background
-how they came to power
-how they lost power
-Discuss the impact of their Homefront and propaganda and what it was like in their country during the war
- make everybody else bad; especially America,..
-Discuss major battle strategies
- They attacked America to try to keep them out of the war -> knock US down, that they don't even try to go into the war; wasn't as successful as they thought it would be, brought America into the war
- wanted more land (islands)
- wanted resources, because they didn't had much on their island
- They attacked Pearl Harbor, they wanted to start treading with America again
- they thought got nothing out of treaty of Versailles, were not included
- made a neutrality pact with USSR (agree not to fight)
-Discuss major battles that the country was involved in
- Peal Harbor - didn't suffered much
- Iwo Jima - they dug tunnels to defend
- Hiroshima - killed 80,000 people, radiation: up to 116,000 death
-Discuss other people/generals from their country in WWII that had a major impact on the war
- Isoroku Yamamoto: guy behind Peal Harbor; he didn't want to attack Harbor
- Kantaro Suzuki: final leader of the Rule Assistance Association; made Hirohito sigh Japan's surrender to US
-Discuss why they won or lost the war
- attack on Perl Harbor -> ended up bringing US in the war and US invaded Japanese Islands
- America had better weapons
- they always fought till the last men; lost of casualties
- they weren't important to Germans
-Discuss the impact WWII had on the country
- major cities were bombed
- Economic turmoil
- Lack of resources
- Atomic Bomb killed people -> population went down
- -> US helped to built it up again
Areas Controlled by Japan during WW2:
- Several regions in China
- Hong Kong (UK)
- Thailand
- Philippines
- Guam
- Malaya
Areas Attacked but not conquered:
- British Columbia (Canada)
- Air raids on Australia
- Areas in India
- Sri Lanka
- Mongolia
- Santa Barbara (US)
Japan in 1920's:
- joined League of Nations
- tried to prevent a second WW
- the great depression happened
- United Stated made higher Tariff taxes -> bad for Japan, they needed the imported good
Kellog- Briand Pact: outlawed war
Rape of Nanking - Late 1937
- Japanese did terrible things to Chinese
- A mass killing and raping of Chinese women and girls (killing up to 300,000)
- still causes tension between those two countries
Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor:
- US stop trading with Japan -> needed trading for war, especially oil
- Japan signed the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact
- they thought that's the only way to defeat the US
- Japan "awoke a sleeping giant"
- Roosevelt probably knew this attack was coming, but he didn't trained more with them or something, wanted to be attacked, that the world see that US is into the war; could go to war with Germany through the backdoor, reunited America to start fighting even more
December 8, 1941: US Congress declared war
December 7, 1941: Pearl Harbor Attack
A Date Which Will Live in Infamy”: FDR Asks for a Declaration of War.
Malaysia, Hong Kong, Guam -> Japan attacked them too on December 7
Philippines:
- US controlled island
- Japan attacked on December 7
- by mid 1942 we lost Philippines
Bataan Death March:
- A march from one prison camp to the other
- in Philippines
- innocent people died
- up to 10,000 people died
- First turning
Battle of Coral Sea
- first turning point in pacific
- first time Japan lost
- we won it and it was really siginificant
- airplane ship battle
- near Australia
Battle of Midway:
- major turning point of the war
- we did massive damage against Japan
- after that US slowly pushed them back
- volcanic islands and plane landing streets
Guadalcanal:
- near Australia, long way to go to Japan
- Solomon Islands
- Islands hopping
- US eventually won
Kamikazes:
- they did a lot of damage to US
- airplanes with bombs or something that destroy ships
Battle of Leyte gold:
- we got the Philippines back -> 11 month before the end of the war
MacArthur's:
- loves the Philippines, wanted to recapture them
Iwo Jima:
- Vulcan
- we wanted the Airstrip, to continue island-hopping to Japan
- Japan lost about everybody on this island
- we lost about 7,000 people
- one of the most famous battles, because of the flag raising
- there were actually first a small flag, then they replaced it with a big one
Battle of Okinawa:
- at this point every body assumes the US is going to invade
- was a Japanese island
- we took the island
Summer 1945 - Preparing for the Invasion of Japan:
- Operation Downfall
Manhattan Project:
- process to make the atomic bomb
Trinity test, 1945:
- Testing of the atomic bomb
- everybody thought we will drop it on Japan
Hiroshima Bombing:
- little boy , nickname
- everything was destroyed
- Radiation sickness
- Soviet Union declared War on Japan one day after the bombing
Nagasaki Bombing:
- everything went wrong
- "Fat man"
- it imploded instead of explodes
- Nagasaki wasn't the main target
- they dropped the bomb not in the target because they went out of gas
- couples days afters: Japan surrenders; so the people who dropped it were saved
VJ day:
- Victory in Japan day
- 3 different days, because: different timezone, tired day they official signed it
- August/September 1945
Potsdam Conference
- July 26, 1945
- US, GB, China
- nobody knows about the atomic bombs yet
- Announced the terms for Japan's surrender
- Japan didn't surrender -> Atomic bomb
- Dismantled the current government of Japan
- The Allies (US) will occupy Japan
- Japan will lose all territories they won during ww2
- Japanese military forces will be disarmed
- war crimes trials
- Japan will be allowed to have industry so they can make money for reparations
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