March 8th

[3Marea:)]

Japan 

• Dictatorship also came to Japan
• • not through a political party but the military
• History 
• • rich military tradition
  • • feudal clans fought each other for dominance in Japan 
  • The Emperor presided over the Japanese government
  • • came form divine origin
    • descendent of the Sun Goddess
    • played minor role in the government
    • he was above politics
    • shogun had the political power
    • • ruled in the name of the Emperor 
  • Japanese society
  • 1. Landowning clans dominated
       • protected by the samurai 
    2. Wealthy merchant class
    3. Peasants
       • most of the people of Japan
• Japan was very isolated until 1853 when US Commodore Matthew Perry sailed in to Japan and forced them to open their ports 
• In the late 1800’s many Japanese were tired of being controlled by foreign countries.
• • adopted western ways in hopes to keep Western Powers out of their country
  • 1. heavy industry
    2. modern army
    3. strong navy
• Showed off new power in several wars
• 1. Sino-Japanese War
     • 1894-95
     • Japan won
  2. Russo-Japanese War
     • 1904-05
     • Japan shocked the world by beating Russia
     • gained partial control of Manchuria 
  3. World War I
     • allied with the US
     • gained German Islands in the Pacific after the war
• 1920’s
• • gave all men the right to vote
  • signed the 4, 5 and 9 Power Pacts
  • joined the League of Nations
  • signed the Kellog-Briand Pact
• 1930’s 
• • Great Depression changed everything
  • people blamed the government for tough times
  • military leaders stepped in and took control
  • • said Japan had to expand in to Asia to help economy
    • assassinated political leaders that opposed them
    • took away people’s rights 
• Japanese Military Honor 
• 1. fight to the death
  2. commit suicide rather than surrender
  3. gekokujo
     • open defiance of superior officers by junior officers
     • seen as a positive thing
     • shows the spirit of the soldier
• Japanese Invasion of Manchuria
• • what did this situatuin prove
  • 1. The league of Nations could not enforce tis authority
    2. A major power could get away with using force
    3. Great Britain and France wanted to avoid war ar all costs
    4. Othe powers would see this as a sign that they too could fet away with the use of force
    5. The League also lost its most powerful member in the Far East-Japan
• FDR beat Hubert Hoover election of 1937
• Good Neighbor Policy
• Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini 1936
• • Italy lost its Ethopia colony in Africa at the 1896 Battle of Adua
  • • one of the colonial disasters of modern history
  • Feb. 23, 1935, Italy sends large forces into Ethiopia
  • Oct. 7, 1935, League declared Italy the aggressor
• Italy/Ethiopia invasion
• • Nov. 18, 1935, Leagues sanctions begin
  • • arms embargo, financial embargo. non-importation of Italian goods
  • Feb. 1936- League could no agree on critical oil sanctions mainly because FDR refused- US controlled 50% wold oil trade
  • Feb. 29, 1936, FDRE signed the 1936 Neutrality Act
  • 1. mandatory arms embargo with warning nations
    2. mandatory ban on loans to watting nations
  • May 5 Italy occupied Addis Ababa- annexed all Ethiopia May 9, 1936
• Generalisimo Francisco Franco and the Spanish Civil War- 1936-39
• 1936 election-FDR wins again by a long shot
• Rome-Berlin Axis -1936
• • Mussiolini said that the world would rotate around rome and berlin