March 7 - 11 - Blogs - History 360

Monday - Continued notes on Japan.

Propaganda
- Only victories were in newspaper
- Soldiers returning returning from Midway were not allowed to communicate
- Japanese militarists couldn't hide bombings (in Japan) from the people
- Posters
Invasion of China
- Japan was not industrial as USA or Great Britain
- Relied on imports
- Seized oil and rubber in Oceania and Southeast Asia, but couldn't move to factories
- Americans bombed many Japanese cities
- Bombing destroyed Japanese transport system
- Women and children worked on farms and in factories
Yamamoto Isoroku
- Attended Japanese Naval academy
- 3 yrs later, attended Harvard University (USA)
- Air Force Captain he toured US
- Turned Japan from battleships to aircraft carriers
  - he used them in Pearl Harbor attack
Chichi Nagumo
- Commander of carrier that attacked Pearl Harbor
Japan's Major Battles
- Pearl Harbor
  - December 7, 1941 - Honolulu, Hawaii
  - Japanese fighter planes attacked the naval base
  - Lasted 2 hrs, but was devastating
  - Japanese destroyed 20 American naval vessels
- Singapore
  - February 8, 1942
  - Japanese launched attack on British
  - Arthur Percival expected attack (left undefended)
  - Japanese decided to pass through the jungle
  - 7 days - Commonwealth forces surrendered
  - 60,000 prisoners of war
  - Japan won
- Midway
  - June 3, 1942
  - U.S. and Japan
  - Admiral Yamamoto wanted to take away Midway
  - Last American base in the Pacific
  - Expand Japanese defensive zone
  - Force Americans to react
  - Americans won
  - Yamamoto used 160 ships and 400 aircraft
  - Wait for Americans to approach Midway
  - Finish off Americans
  - Japanese sunk American Destroyer and USS Yorktown
  - American lost 137 aircraft and 300 men
  - Japanese lost over 330 and 3500 men
- Guadalcanal
  - August 7, 1942
  - Series of battles fought on land and sea
  - Allied forces, mostly U.S. troops launched an attack
  - Allies succeeded to capture the island
  - +6 months to break Japanese defenses
  - Japanese lsot
    - 30,000 men
    - 600 aircraft
    - 24 warships
- Iwo Jima
  - Famous battle of Pacific War
  - February 19-March 26, 1945
  - U.s. Marines invaded after moths of naval and air bombardment
  - 70,000 U.S. Marine and 22,000 Japanese soldiers
  - Flag raising
    - 5 days after battle
    - 5 marines and 1 Navy corpsmen raised it
    - 3 men died in action
  - US Lost
    - 7,000 Marines
  - 27 medals given after battle
Reasons Japan Lost
- Lack of food supply - rationed 1,000 calorie days
- Atomic Bombs killed lots of people
- Couldn't be self-reliant
- They attacked Pearl Harbor
Impact WW2 on Japan
- Japan was devastated
- Industries and transportation networks were severely damaged
- Severe shortage of food continued
- Japan lost all the land they acquired
- The Allies occupy Japan

Italy

March On Rome
- October 28, 1922
- Mussolini led members of fascist party to Rome
  - seize power
- Luigi Facta - Prime Minister
  - stepped down
- King Victor Emmanuel 3
  - didn't want civil war
  - didn't send soldiers into Rome
Italy Joining Azis Powers
- Rome-Berlin Axis - Ocotber 21, 1936
  - Hitler & Mussolini
  - Stated all countries would rotate around Rome-Berlin Axis
Benito Mussolini
- Organized fascist revolution
- Came to power in 1922
- Turned Italy into legal dictatorship in 1925
- founder of Fascism
- Allied with Adolf Hitler
- He voted out of power and arrested
- Rescued from prison by German special forces
- Captured by Italian Communists in 1945
- Executed April 28, 1945
Giovanni Messe
- Famous Italian General, Politician,, Field Marshall
  - Field Marshall - Highest rank of military service
- Considered greatest general of World War 2
Fascism
- Radical form of nationalism
- Originated in Italy during WW2
- Created by Benito Mussolini
- Controlled Italy from 11922-1943
- Encouraged extreme nationalism and militarism
  - believed Italy is better than anyone else
Propaganda
- used to unify nation
- create modern Roman Empire
- make the enemies of Italian Government look like barbarian killers
Italy in North Africa
- Mussolini ordered his army in Libya to cross Egyptian border in September, 1940
- numerically superior
- less mobile
- poorly organized
- Italians on the verge of certain collapse, December 1940
- Italians weren't trusted by Germans to fight and be helpful
- Axis was driven out of North Africa in 1943
Operation Torch
- British troops advanced from east through Libya
- U.S. & British troops landed in Morocco and Algeria
  - Advanced West
- Pinned German and Italian troops into Tunisia
- Axis surrendered on May 13, 1943
Battle of Britain
- Italy slightly participated in the battle
- sent around 200 aircraft
  - carried 1,500 lbs in bombs
The Mediterranean
- Crucial to the success of Italian forces
- Fought for control of the trade
- Axis never took full control of Mediterranean
- couldn't stop Allies from moving men and supplies through Suez canal for war effort
Battle of Tarantino
- British bi-planes torpedoed and sank much of the large ships in Italian surface fleet
- 1 battleship sunk
- 2 battleship damaged
- 2 heavy cruisers damaged
Battle of Cape Matapan
- March, 1941
- Italians lost ships
- destroyed rest of fleet
Operation Husky
- Allied amphibious attack on Sicily
- get toehold in southern Italy
- make sure axis didn't have bases for ships or planes
- Allies won and secured island
- moved onto Italy
Invasion of Italy
- Stalin wanted a second front opened in Europe
- Allies knew that support for war was declining in Italy
  - invasion would take them out of war
- Germany knew and prepared to defend Italy without their help
- Invasion started on September 3, 1943
  - surrendered the same day
- Italy was "Soft underbelly of the Axis"
Result for Italy
- 472,404 Italians died in World War 2
- much of country was destroyed
- Mussolini was deposed in 1943
- Mussolini executed in 1945
- Nazi Government maintained control after Italy's surrender
- Italy almost became a Communist country
  - due to economic hardship
- Marshall Plan helped rebuild Italy's economy

Tuesday - We finished the Italy presentation and Mr. Bruns did a presentation of his own.

Wednesday -

Thursday -

Friday - NO SCHOOL!!! End of 3rd quarter!

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