The Holocaust
- the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during WWII.
- A program of systematic state-sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany throughout Nazi-occupied territory
- Approximately two-thirds of the population of nine million Jews who had lived in Europe before a holocaust.
Who Was Killed in the Holocaust
- 6 million Jews
- Gypsies-500,000-1.5 million.
- mentally/physically handicapped people(75,000-250,000)
- Soviet Slavs/POWS/Troops-(16.5 million)
- Poles(2.5 million)
- Homos (5-15 thousand)
- Communists/socialists
- Dark skinned people
- Mixed races
- Jehovah;s Witness(2,500-5,000)
What is the Aryan Race?
- misused by the Nazis to mean a so-called master race that originated around Germany
- perfect Aryan was blonde, blue-eyed, tall and muscular
- The orignal term refers to a people speaking a Indo-European dialect.
- Germany, Soviet Union, Denmark, Norway, Sweiden, Netherlands, Belgim. Northeast European Countries.
Lebensborn-Fount of Life
- The program aimed to promote the growth of "superior" Aryan populations by providing excellent health care and living conditions to women and by restricting access to the deemed "fit"
- Many Lebensborn children were born to unwed mothers which helped lead to many rumors of rape.
Hilters Jewish Questions 1933.
- Nazis "temporarily" suspend civil liberties for all citizens in 1933-Never restored.
- The Nazis set up the first concentration camp at Dachau in 1933. The first inmates are 200 Comunists.
- Jews are prohibited from working as civil servants, doctors in the National Health Service, and teachers in public high schools. All but few Jewish students are banned from public high schools and colleges.
Nuremburg Laws 1935
- Took away German citizenship from Jews thus making Jews second class citizens by removing their basic civil rights.
- established membership in the Jewish race as being anyone who either considered themselves Jewish or has three or four Jewish grandparents.
- Jews could only marry Jews
- No sexual relations between non-Jewish Germans and Jews
1936
- Nazis boycott Jewish-owned businesses
Kristallnacht-1938
- Night of the Broken Glass
- On the nights of Nov. 9 and 10th, 1938, gangs of Nazi youth roamed through Jewish Neighborhoods breaking windows of Jewish business.
1938-Cont.
- All Jewish children are expelled from public schools in Germany and Austria.
- Nazis take control of Jewish-owned businsses.
1939
- Hilter orders the systemastic murder of the mentally and physically disabled in Germany and Austria.
- Jews
1940
- Nazis begin deporting German Jews to Poland.
- Jews are forced into ghettos
- Nazis begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland
1941
- Jews throughout Eastern Europe are forced into ghettos
- in two days, German units shoot 33,771 Ukrainian Jews at Babiyar- the largest single massacre of the Holocaust
1942
- Nazi officals announce :Final Solution" - their plan to kill all Eurpean Jews
- Five death Camps begin operation in Poland: Majdanek, Sobibor, Treblinka. Belzec, and Auschwitz-Birkenau.
- The US and Great Britain, and the Soviet Union acknowledge that GErmans are exterminating the JEws of Europe.
1943
- Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto resist as the Nazis begin new rounds of deportations. These Jews hold out for neral a month before the Nazis put down the uprising.
1944
- Hilter takes over Hungary and begins deporting 12,000 Hungarion
1945
- Hilter is defeated and WWII ends in Europe.
- The Holocaust is over and the death camps are emptied.
- Many survivors are placed in displaced persons camps until they find a country willing to accept them.
1947
- The United Nations establishes a JEwish homeland in British-controlled Palestine, which becomes the State of Isral in 1948
- The Isral people didnt like it cause they didnt want the Jews in there.
Russia dropped out of WWI due to the Bolschevik Revolution
Economically, it was in terrible shape
Vladimir Ulyanov(Lenin)
Lenin emerged as the leader of the communsists.
Lenin was a big Marxist supporter
-Marx never outlined how excatly to reach a classless society so Lenin and the government took control of the economy and farms with a promise to eventually give it back to the peasants.
Lenin organsized the country into a federation of republics
-The Union of Soviet Socialist Repiblics
Lenin died in 1924
Power struggled ensued between Leon Trotsky and Josef Stalin.
Stalin would win.
Josef Stalin
Wanted to focus on building up the Soviet Unoin's ecnomy
Eliminated political opponents in great purges(800,000)
Wanted nationalization and collectivization of the economy
-gov't took control of industry(nationlization)
-abolished private ownership(upset Kulaks)
-forced peasants to merge their land into large collective farms (collectivization)
The Kulas resisted and Stalin used the secret police to kill them
Stalin admitted that at least 10 million poeple died due to collectivization and famine
Five Year Plans
-Stalin's idea of economic growth for industry and agriculture
-Goals were to be met in a five year time frame
-Wasnt intil the third 5 Year Plan did the economy start to improve.
What caused Japan to go outlawing war in 1948 to three years later?
-Great Depression
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