Settlements and Colonies in Present Day America
Plymouth Rock Colony:
- Founded in 1620
- Located in Southeast part of Massachusetts around Cape Cod
- 2nd permanent site of an English colony in present day USA
- The London Co funded this expedition, so mother country is England
- The 2 ships that sailed over to the USA were the Mayflower and Speedwell
- Around 90 people on the Mayflower and 30 on the speedwell
- Variety of people made the journey:
- indentured servants
- Puritans
- Separatists
- This area in the land is also considered to be New England
- Mayflower Compact was their document for the intent of which was to establish a means of governing the colony
- The colony/settlement also suffered a terrible first winter as well
- Lost over 40% of the settlers
- Issues were that they were not able to build the houses by winter, so many had to continue to stay on the ships
Myles Standish- An English military officer who was hired by the Pilgrims as a military advisor
- He was elected to the office of commander by the Plymouth Colony militia
- Known for his attacks in the Nemasket raid and the Wessagusset massacre
- Known for his courage when fighting against the Native Americans, but also his brutality
- Tisquantum
- AKA Squanto
- A Native American who helped the settlers out after their 1st winter in the New World
- In 1614, he was captured by Thomas Hunt, a lieutenant of John Smith and sold in slavery
- He then was able to convince the English to send him back home, and they allowed this and he was able to learn a lot of English during this time
- Known for helping the Pilgrims in their 1st Thanksgiving
Research:
Rhiana Chickering
The first thanksgiving was held in autumn of 1621. It was on the fourth Thursday of November, the same date that Thanksgiving is held now. The pilgrims and the Wampanoag Indians celebrated the colony of Plymouth Rock’s first successful harvest. The First Thanksgiving was held in the colony of Plymouth Rock, which is current day southeastern Massachusetts and eastern Rhode Island. Their meal included deer, shellfish, corn, roasted meat, and cranberries.
The Pequot War occurred during the 1630’s. The Native American tribe of The Pequot battled for their political power and trade with the Dutch and the English. The Pequot Tribe was centered along Thames River, which is in present day Connecticut. The were also fighting because their crops were being destroyed by colonial cattle. The chief of the Pequots was captured by the Mohawks and was executed, however his son in law allied his forces with the colonists and the rival was defeated in 1643.
King Philip's War is also known as Metacom’s Rebellion. It was considered the last major attempt of the Indians in New England to drive the English colonists out of their territory. The war was led by Metacom, whom was the chief of the Pokanoket tribe. King Philip's War ended in August of 1676 after Metacom was captured and then beheaded. Many indians fled to Canada. The indians who remained suffered from disease and their lands were taken away from them.
Jamestown
- First permanent English colony
- Established by Virginia Company of London
- Jamestown is located in current day Virginia
- Mother country is England
- Established as a fort in 1607, as a town in 1619.
- Key Players:
- Captain John Smith
- Did a decent job at communicating with the Native even though it almost cost him his life, Pocahontas saved him.
- He was forced to return back to England after an explosion.
- The next guy to come take leadership was George Percy (dog in Pocahontas).
- Captain John Smith
- Pocahontas
- Daughter of the Powhatan
- Married John Rolfe, not John Smith
- Did however save John Smith from being killed by her father.
- Moved back to England with her husband.
- This was done to show that she could be a civilized Indian.
- She died a year later from unknown causes, she was only 22 or 23.
- Pocahontas
- Chief Opchanacanough
- His name meant "He Whose Soul is White"
- Lead a massacre in 1622 to rid his world of the white man
- This raid killed 1/3 of the settlers of Jamestown
- Was captured in 1646, and later shot in the back by a guard.
- He was 92 years old when he died.
- Chief Opchanacanough
- Jamestown ugly winter
- The winter of 1609-1610 was known as the "starving time"
- Over 80 percent of the colony died
- Most tried cannibalism to stay alive, one man even killed his own wife in her sleep and ate her.
- Bacon's Rebellion-
- First known rebellion where the colonists took part in present day USA
- "Declaration of the people of Virginia." The declaration criticized Berkely's administration in detail. It accused him of levying unfair taxes, appointing friends to high positions, and failing to protect frontier settlers from Indian attack.
- Bacon went out and got the Occaneechi Indian tribe to go fight the Susquehanock tribe and when Occ. left then he murdered their men, women, and children.
- He would continue to wage war with the Indian tribes in the area
- He was upset that Berkeley still hadn't stepped down from his position of power and started targeting him and his followers.
- Eventually Berkeley fled and then Bacon burned down the city of Jamestown (His own city).
- Bacon later died of dysentery before England could send forces to punish him.
- Lasting effects-
- Many of Bacon's followers went back to England.
- 23 of Bacon's followers that stayed were hanged.
- Charles the II then relieved Berkeley of his duties because he was upset that he had killed more men than he did for the killing of his father.
- Lasting effects-
Roanoke
- March 25, 1584, Queen Elizabeth I granted Sir Walter Raleigh a charter to go settle in North America.
- Established in 1585
- It is a colony that was funded and set up by London Co., so mother country is England.
- First English Colony
- Key Players
- Sir Walter Raileigh
- Writer, poet, soldier, and explorer
- Married a lady-in-waiting (assistant) to Queen Elizabeth I
- When back in England, the king had him locked up
- He then was released, and set out to find the "City of Gold" (not successful)
- He was later imprisoned him again but this time he was executed
- Raleigh N.C. is named after him
- One of the largest tobacco producers in USA, part of "Tobacco Road"
- Virginia Dare
- First child born in America to English parents
- Granddaughter to John White
- John White
- English Artist
- Known for being the 1st governor of Roanoke
- Went back to England to resupply for the Roanoke settlement and when he returned all that was left was the word "Cro" probably for the word Croation which was an Indian Tribe
- The houses were disassembled so it is very unlikely that they left quickly or forced to leave.
- Sir Walter Raileigh
- Interesting Facts
- Known as "Lost Colony"
- How they may have died out:
- Captured by Indian tribes (Most likely)
- Lost at sea
- Spanish conquistadors eliminated them
- Dare Stones Virgina Dare's mother
- Virginea Pars Map--two paragraphs
Need to Know:
date settled and conquered/defeated/died off
agricultural
mother country
key players of the settlement 3
how the settlers got there (debtors, fee man, other)
Contact with he Natives
Issues that were faced
successes
Individual Research Assignment
Rhiana Chickering
World History 5th Hour
3-1-2013
Pocahontas and John Rolfe
In my opinion, Pocahontas and John Rolfe married for politics. They both wanted the Indians and Colonists to make peace with each other. Pocahontas wanted to prove that she was also a civilized Indian. Also, both Pocahontas and John Rolfe remarried in the end. However, since they had a son together, I think they may have begun to like each other. However, in my opinion they married for politics.
Cannibalism
I personally would not participate in cannibalism. I would much rather starve than eat another human. If I was in Jamestown and starving, I would not be able to eat another person. I would starve and die instead of participate in cannibalism. In my opinion, cannibalism is disgusting and I would not do it, even if I was starving.
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