March 29th- April 2nd

Tuesday- I was gone but I got notes from Cassie Riley

Italy-

Italy after WWI

Italy was displeased with the Treaty of Versailles
- Wanted to get more land than they got
Italy joined the League of Nations and was a member from 1919 until they withdrew in 1937
They signed the 5 power pact and 9 power pact

King Victor Emmanuel-

Asked Mussolini to take over power in Italy to keep the communists out of Italy
Did not fight Mussolini's take over in Italy
Wanted to avoid a civil war and also wanted to keep communists out of Italy

March on Rome-

A march by Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party (took over the government)
Mussolini and the Fascists won and took over Italy

Established Fascism in Italy-

A government led by a strong dictator
Stresses strong nationalism, militarism, and imperialism
Uses intimidation to get what they want
- "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state." - Benito Mussolini

Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini-

Italy lost its Ethiopia colony in Africa at the 1896 Battle of Adua
One of the worse colonial disasters of modern history
Feb. 23, 1935, Italy sends large forces into Ethipoia
Nov. 18, 1935, League of Nations sanctions begin
- arms, embargo, financial embargo, non-importation of Italian goods
- Feb. 29, 1936, FDR signed the 1936 Neutrality Act
  - Mandatory arms embargo with warring nations
  - Mandatory ban on loans to warring nations
- May 5- Italy occupied Addis Ababa- annexed all Ethipoia on May 9

Geralissimo Franciso Franco and the Spanish Civil War- 1936

Hitler and Mussolini send troops and weapons to help Franco win the civil war against the communists
This war served as an important training ground for Hitler's and Mussolini's troops

Axis powers are formed

Rome- Berlin Axis- 1936. Italy and Germany come together
Tripartite Pact is signed forming the Axis powers- 1940. Germany, Italy and Japan

Wednesday-

Italy

Goals
- Make a new Empire
- Create "Italian lake
  - Have Italy control all around the mediterranean islands
- Take over North Africa
- Take over southeastern Europe
- Greece and Albania
- Take over Middle-east parts
Defeat
- Operation Torch
  - Invasion of North Africa
  - Invaded Italy
    - Italy surrenders to US
    - Switched sides
- Mussolini's Death
  - Hung and drug around Milan
- Why did Italy lose?
  - Lack of preparation
  - Too spread out
  - Lack of motivation
    - Forced to fight
  - Weak
- Impact
  - 400 thousand killed
  - Became a democracy
  - Given millions of dollars from the US
  - Member of NATO and the UN

Japan

Events before WWII
- Earthquake
  - Killed 140 thousand
  - Magnitude of 7.9
- End of alliance with Great Britain
  - Lasted 21 years
- Extreme Nationalism
  - Economics, traditions and values
  - Signed alliance with Nazi Germany
  - War with China
- Take over Province
  - Part of China
  - took a couple of days
  - Japan walked out of the League of Nations
    - 40 countries vote against them
    - "China is not really a country"
Major leaders
- Isoroku Yamamoto
  - Graduated from Imperial navy
  - Attended Harvard
  - Planned Pearl Harbor
- Chuichi Nagumo
  - Admiral
  - Carried out attacks on Pearl harbor
  - No prior Naval experience
  - Passionate
    - Generous and Loving
Battle Strategies
- Take over the entire place
- Bomb Pearl harbor
- Secure china
- Wanted resources
Major battles
- Battle of Coral Sea
  - Saves Australia and Port Moresby
- Battle of Midway
  - Japanese suffer major losses
- Battle of Guadalcanal
  - Major point for further attacks
- Battle of Philippine Sea
  - Japanese Air force was decimated
- Iwo Jima
  - Atomic Bomb
- Okinawa
  - Strategic island to launch an invasion form
Casualties
- 3.2 million
- Japan lost 24% of people
  - Out of Axis powers
Axis power
- Part of Axis powers
Cost of WWII
- $56 billion dollars
War Goals-
- Gain Resource
- More land
- No help from other countries
- Invade China
Hirohito
- Main leader of Japan
- Became prince at age 15
- Allowed to stay in power after the war
- Longest reigning emperor

Thursday- Japan continued presenting

Leaders
- Hideki Tojo
  - Executed
  - Attended Imperial Japanese Army academy
  - Lost power because of his tactics
    - Caused a lot of casualties
    - Hirohito lost hope
  - Tried for war crimes
    - Found guilty
Why Japan lost the war
- Japan invaded French Indochina
  - We stopped trading
  - They needed resources
- Failed attempt at Pearl Harbor
- All ships were brought back into battle
- We destroyed them in the Battle of Midway
- We broke their naval code
- Mass production by the US
  - Higher production rate
- Bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima
Impact of WWII
- Official end of the war
  - September 2nd, 1945
- Lost all land acquired before WWII
- Lost political and military power
  - War crimes trials
- Large cities severely damaged
- Forbidden to lead a war again and to maintain an army
Atomic Bombs
- 80,000 people died instantly
  - Hiroshima
- "Fat Man"
  - Over Nagasaki
  - Killed 70,000 instantly
- People died form radiation sickness and starvation
Propaganda
- Destroying ships
- War bonds
  - Fund the military
Tokyo Rose
- Born in US
- Broadcaster activities in Japan
- Tried for Treason
Home Front
- Government controlled media
  - Japan didn't know how war was going
  - Learned from returning injured soldiers
- Industrialized
  - Poor resources
  - Invaded china for raw materials
Areas controlled by Japan
- Regions of China
- Thailand
- Philippines
- Guam
Areas Attacked: Not conquered
- Australia
- British Columbia
- Sri Lanka
- Santa Barbara
Rape of Nanking
- A mass killing of 300,000 people
- raping of women and girls
- Arson
- Still causes tension

Friday- We finished Japan and continued with Germany

Japanese Leaders
- Yamamoto
- Tojo
- Hirohito
Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?

We continued by watching Germany Video

Blogs

March 29th- April 2nd

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