March 29- April 1

Monday- NO SCHOOL!!

Tuesday- Notes on Italy

Wednesday - Notes on France

Thursday- Notes on France

Friday- Notes on Great Britain

Italy!!

- - Not happy with Treaty of Versailles
    - Seemed Disrespected (not very powerful---because they weren't)
    - Wanted more land than what they got
  - Joined the League of Nations and was a member from 1919 to 1937
  - Washington Naval Power
  - 5 Power Pact
    - Prevent naval build up
    - Italy was known for submarines
  - 9 power pact
    - China would be independent and free trade
  - Kellogg-Briand Pact
    - Countries Pledged not to use war
- March on Rome
  - October 1922
    - Benito Mussolini journalists- don't go to war
    - Won and Fascists won and took over Italy- changed views on war
    - Got expelled from school for stabbing kid with pen--- later an elementary teacher
    - Takes over Rome in 1922
- King Victor Emmanuel
  - Did not fight Mussolini's take over in Italy
  - Wanted to avoid a civil war and also wanted to jeep communists out of Italy
- Established Fascism in Italy
  - A government led by a strong dictator
  - Stresses nationalism, militarism, and imperialism
  - Intimidation
    - Nothing should be more important to you other than your country
- Ethiopia Invaded by Mussolini-1936
  - Italy lost its Ethiopia colony in Africa at the 1896 Battle of Adua
  - Embarrassment of their history
    - White army defeated by a black army
    - Wanted to re do that embarrassing defeat
- Francisco Franco and the Spanish Civil War- 1936
  - Hitler and Mussolini send troops and weapons to help Franco defeat communists
  - Communists loose and Franco wins
    - Franco was from Italy
    - Tested weapons
- Italy's Goals in WWII
  - Make a new Roman Empire
  - Take the Mediterranean an "Italian Lake"
  - Take northern African colonies of Britain and France- Especially Egypt
  - Take over southeastern European-Greece and Albania
  - Take over parts of the Middle East
- Italy Invasion of Albania and Greece and North Africa- 1940
  - Italy went after all the smaller weaker countries
- Italy's Defeat -1943
  - Switched sides and became part of Allied Power
  - Surrendered but still under German control
- Why Italy Lost
  - Not prepared militarily
    - Germany always bailed them out
  - Too Spread out
  - People of Italy were forced to join the army instead of doing it voluntarily
  - Over all a weak Country
- Impact of WWII on Italy
  - 410,000 deaths
  - spent $94 billion
  - Joined Allies in 1943

France

Allied Powers
- France, Poland, Great Britain in 1939
- France & Great Britain vs. Germany
French Leaders
- Charles de Gaulle
  - French soldier in World War 1
  - Exiled leader in World War 2
  - President of Fifth Republic, position held until 1969
  - Dedicated patriot/didn't accept French surrender to Germany in 1940
  - Organized soldiers from French colonies to fight alongside the allied troops
  - Leader of Free French
- Marshal Petain (aka Philippe Petain)
  - April 24, 1856 - July 23, 1951
  - Born to a family of farmers
  - National hero for his victory at the Battle of Verdun in WW1
  - French General
  - 58 when he became a general
  - Accepted defeat to Germany
  - Leader of Vichy French
  - Brought to trial in France for his behavior after 1940
  - Condemned to death in August 1945, reduced to life sentence by Charles de Gaulle
  - Died in prison fortress
- Jean de Lattre de Tassigny
  - Free French Generals
  - Fought to reclaim France
  - Fought in North Africa
  - Nickname King John
- Maxime Weygand
  - Chief-Commander of French Army
  - May 20, 1940 till France surrender
  - Partly Collaborated with Vichy French Government
  - Loyalties belonged to who was winning
- Maurice Gamelin
  - Chief-Commander of French Army
  - Free French General
  - scape goat for loss of France
- Francois Darlan
  - Vichy General
  - Admiral of French naval forces
  - Made deal with Allies
    - the Vichy soldiers were to attack the Germans
    - got off easier
- Alphonse Juin
  - Vichy General
    - Captured during Battle of France
    - Released by Vichy France in 1941
    - Commander in North Africa
      - until Operation Torch
    - 1942 resisted Germans and Italians
      - Allies had arrived

Major Events Prior to War
- Munich Agreement - Western Betrayal
- France and Belgium Occupied the Ruhr - Germany failed to pay $ from Treaty of Versailles
- London Naval Treaties - 1930 and 1936
- Arms race after WW1
Battle
- Battle of France
  - May 20, 1940 - June 25, 1940
- Tunisia Campaign
- Operation Torch
- Operation Venezia
  - May 26, 1942 - ???
Impacts
- Weaken Military
- Weak economy
- Colonies Independence
Home Front & Propaganda
- Vichy French Propaganda
  - Pro-Nazi
- Free French Propaganda
  - Anti-Nazi
Before the War
- 2nd Largest European Power
- Global Depression
- No place to deal w/ Germans in 30's
Winning the War.. Kind of
- In the end France did win the war due to being on the allies side
- Irreversibly weakened, economically, militarily, and psychologically
- Independence of colonies
- War in Algeria
- Increasing Anti-Colonialism sentiment among colonies
*Maginot Line*
- The Maginot line was a defensive barrier between French and German border
- The point of the line was to keep the Germans from ever making another assault on France again
- Construction began in 1929 finished in 1938
Weapons and Artillery
- A neglected army
- Manufacturing and Production of carbines
- Weapons from WWI
- MAS-36 (MBR)
- MAS-38 (SMG)

Great Britain

After World War I
- Further Expansions of the Britain Empire
- The Independence of Ireland
- General Strike in 1926
The 1920's
- Signed the 4,5,9 Power Pacts
- Join the League of Nations
- Signed the Kellogg- Briand Pact
The Great Depression
- Largest economic depression of the 20th century in UK
- American markets crashed in 1929
- Huge unemployment rate
1930's - Road to war
- Signs of threat from Germany
- Neville Chamberlain's Policy of appeasement
WWII
- War Declaration on Germany in 1939
- Winston Churchill's appointment to prime minister
- Evacuation of British soldiers from Belgium
Battle of Britain
- Hitler wanted air superiority over the Royal Air forces and Britain
- The British people show great resistance to the assault
World War II
- USA joins the War
- The Allies succeed in North Africa and attack Italy in 1943
- D-Day on 6th June 1944
- Allies close in on Berlin
- Hitler close in on Berlin
- Hitler commits suicide, Germany surrender
- Japan surrenders in August 1945, the war is over
Results of the War
- UK list its leading position in the world
- UK lost many colonies
- New international peace organizations
Great Britain's Role in WWII
- Appeasement at Munich
- Declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939 after the German invasion of Poland
- Last allied country left standing
- Battle of Britain We shall never surrender- Churchill
  - RAD
- GB served as a base for US and Free French forces
- D-Day invasion started point
- Received the most Lend-Lease aid from the US
- Lost the "most powerful country in the world" status after WWII

Blogs

March 29- April 1

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