March 29 - April 1 - Blogs

Monday: No school

Tuesday: Watched Italy videos

Wednesday: Took notes on Italy and started with Japan

Thursday: Absent

Friday: Absent

AXIS POWERS

Italy

*Italy after WWI

Italy was allied powers in WWI
They were very displeased with the Treaty of VersaillesItaly joined the League of Nations and was a member from 1919 until they withdrew in 1937
- wanted to get more land than they got

*Washington Naval Conference

5 Power pact
- Designed to prevent an arm's race
- It limited construction of battleships, aircraft cruisers
- Did not restrict cruisers, destroyers, or submarines
9 Power Pact
- Guaranteed Chinese independence
- Upheld the Open Door Policy
Kellogg-Brian Pact
- Countries pledged not to use war as a way to settle disputes

*March on Rome - Oct. 1922

*King Victor Emmanuel

*Established Fascism in Italy

"All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state." - Benito Mussolini

*Land and Ethiopia

*Generalissimo Francisco Franco

Hitler and Mussolini sent troops and weapons to help Franco win the civil war against the communists
This war served as an important training ground for Hitler's and Mussolini's troops
- Gave them experience with war and controlling troops

*Italy's goals in WWII

*Italy's defeat - 1943

As soon as the U.S. move troops into Italy they surrender
Join Allied powers
German control for 2 more years
Why did they lose?
- Italy was not prepared militarily to fight a prolonged war (Germany had to constantly bail them out)
- Italian troops were spread to thin- they were everywhere
- The people of Italy were not prepared to fight or motivated to fight. They were forced to
- Overall, Italy was just a weak country
Mussolini was hung by his own people
- They believed he ruined the country

*Impact WWII had on Italy

410,000 dead - 330,000 military deaths
Spent $94 billion
Italy had joined the allies by 1943 so the big concern for the U.S. was making sure Italy became a democracy after the war and not fall to communism
U.S. gave millions of dollars to Italy (Marshall Plan) to help rebuild after the war
Became a member of NATO in 1949
Became a member of the United Nations in 1955

Aren’t happy with how they are treated at the Paris Peace Conference
Signed the 4,5 and 9 Power pacts
Areas Japan controlled in WWII
- Parts of China
- French Indochina
- Hong Kong
- Thailand
- British New Guinea
- Philippines
- Guam
- Dutch East Indies
- Malaya
Attacked but didn’t capture
- Australia
- British Columbia
- United States
- Indian Islands
Invasion of Manchuria
- Start of WWII
- Part of China
- League of Nations condemned the action but could not take action because they didn’t have a military force
- Japan dropped out of the LoN
- Messages sent to aggressive countries was that a major power could get away with using force because France and GB didn’t want war
Rape of Nanking
- Killing of Chinese people
- 300,000
- Mass raping of Chinese women and girls
- Mass looting and arson
- War crimes trial after the war
Tripartite Pact is signed forming Axis Powers
Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact
- Japan considered breaking this once Germany invaded the USSR
- The USSR broke the treaty when they declared war on Japan after Hiroshima
Admiral Yamamoto
- Came up with the Pearl Harbor attack plan
- Wanted to knock us out of the war before we got in it
- Supposed to result in trade
Turning points- 1942
- Coral Sea- neither side won, considered US victory
- Midway- destroyed Japan’s navy, MAGIC
- Guadalcanal- First offensive battle