Monday- no school
Tuesday- watched Italy video
Wednesday- notes
Thursday- notes
Friday- notes
ITALY
-Major events that impacted their country between WWI and WWII.
- Italy was very displeased with the Treaty of VersaillesItaly joined the League of Nations and was a member from 1919 until they withdrew in 1937
- Wanted to get more land than they got
- Washington Naval Conference in 1921
- 5 Power Pact
- Signed by Great Britain, United States, Japan, France, Italy
- Designed to prevent an arm's race
- It limited the construction of battleships, battle cruisers and aircraft carriers
- Did not restrict cruisers, destroyers, and submarines
- 9 Power Pact
- Guaranteed Chinese Independence and upheld the Open Door Policy
- Kellogg-Briand Pact
- Countries pledged not to use war as a way to settle disputes
- March on Rome- 1922
- March by Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party
- Mussolini and the Fascists won and took over Italy
- King Victor Emmanuel
- Did not fight Mussolini's take over in Italy
- Wanted to avoid a civil war and also wanted to keep communists out of Italy
- Established Fascism in Italy
- A government led by a strong dictator
- Stresses strong nationalism, militarism, and imperialism
- Uses intimidation to get what they want
- "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state." -Benito Mussolini
- Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini 1936
- Italy lost its Ethiopia colony in Africa at the 1896 Battle of Adua
- Embarrassment for Italy to lose to an African country
- 1935 Italy invades, they win in
- By 1936, Italy takes over Ethiopia
- Generalissimo Francisco Franco and the Spanish Civil War- 1936Rome-Berlin Axis- 1936
- Communists are defeated by the Nationalists
- Hitler and Mussolini send troops and weapons to help Franco win the civil war against the Communists
- Spain was neutral during the war
- Became and ally of Italy and Germany
-Discuss basic facts: alliance, total casualties, total cost, war goals, etc
- GOALS410,000 dead- 330,000 military deaths
- Make a New Roman Empire
- Make the Mediterranean an "Italian Lake"
- Take over Northern Africa colonies of Britain and France- especially Egypt
- Take over Southeastern Europe- Greece and Albania
- Take over parts of the Middle East
- Spent $94 billion
-Tell us about their leader(s) during WWII
- Benito Mussolini
- Created Fascist Party
-background
-how they came to power
-how they lost power
- Arrested and killed by his own people
-Discuss the impact of their Homefront and propaganda and what it was like in their country during the war
-Discuss major battle strategies
-Discuss major battles that the country was involved in
-Discuss other people/generals from their country in WWII that had a major impact on the war
-Discuss why they won or lost the war
- Italy was not prepared militarily to fight a prolonged warItalian troops were spread to thin- Africa, Mediterranean, Albania, Greece, Soviet Union, France, Battle of Britain
- Germany had to constantly bail Italy out
- People of Italy were not prepared to fight or motivated to fight. They were forced to fight
- Overall, Italy was just a weak country
-Discuss the impact WWII had on the country
- Italy had joined the Allies by 1943 so the big concern for the US was making sure Italy became a democracy after the war and not fall to communism
- US gave millions of dollars to Italy to help rebuild after the war
- Became a member of NATO in 1949
- Became a member of the United Nations in 1955
JAPAN
-Major events that impacted their country between WWI and WWII.
- Japan joined the League of Nations
- Signed 4, 5, and 9 Power Pacts
- Kellogg-Briand pact
- Invasion of Manchuria - 1931China Incident- July 1937
- League of Nations condemned the action but could not enforce its authority as it had not military force
- Message sent to aggressive countries was that a major power could get away with using force because Great Britain and France did not want war
- Japan dropped out of the League of Nations shortly after invasion
- Possessed valuable resources
- Coal
- Iron Ore
- Rape of Nanking- 1937
- Japan's Military
- Mass killing of Chinese people
- Raping of Chinese women and girls
- Looting/Arson
- War crime trial
- Some in Japan have denied that the military killed civilians for no reason
- Still causes tension between the two countries today
- There were war crimes trial after the war to try Japanese soldiers for participation
- Tripartite Pact- 1940Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact- 1941Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact
- Formation of Axis Powers
- Albania
- Finland
- Thailand
- Formation of Axis Powers
- Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact
- Not to fight
- Japanese considered breaking this once Germany invaded the USSR, but did not- June, 1941
- Broken by USSR- August 9, 1945
- Invasion of French Indochina - 1940
- Importation of fuel and arms
- Led to occupation of French Indochina
- US stops trade
-Discuss basic facts: alliance, total casualties, total cost, war goals, etc
- Hiroshima - 90,000- 146,000
- Nagasaki- 39,000 - 80,000
- Total- 2,100,000 to 2,566,000
- Cost- $56,000,000,000
- GOALS
- Control countries that were rich and raw materials
- Pearl Harbor- Attacked to keep the America's Pacific Fleet from interfering with Japan's Military actions
-Tell us about their leader(s) during WWII
- Emperor Hirohito
- Came to power at 15 after his father died
- Died in 1989
- Hideki Tojo became Military General during this time
- Appointed by Hirohito
- Tried to commit suicide, failed
- We helped him back to health
- Then executed him because of war crimes
- Admiral Yamamoto
- Planned the Pearl Harbor attack
-Discuss the impact of their Homefront and propaganda and what it was like in their country during the war
-Discuss major battle strategies
- Japan wanted to secure resources in Southeast Asia and China
- Attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941 to neutralize the US on their way to occupy Malaya and many other territories
- Stopped trading with Japan
- Realized they needed US to trade to be successful in the war
- Tried to force us out of war
- Knew it was a huge risk, but thought it was the only way to defeat US
-Discuss major battles that the country was involved in
- Pearl Harbor
- December 7, 1941
- Japanese fighter planes attacked the naval base in Hawaii
- More than 2,000 American soldiers and sailors died
- Japan attacked the US to keep them out of the war
- Battle of Midway
- June 3, 1942
- Fought by US and Japan
- Midway was the last American base in the Pacific and Yamamoto wanted to take it away
- US won
- Battle of Iwo Jima
- February 19- March 26 of 1945
- One of the most famous battles of Pacific War
- US won
-Discuss other people/generals from their country in WWII that had a major impact on the war
- Tokyo Rose
- Host of "Zero Hour"
- Demoralize American soldiers
- Make them homesick
- Isorku Yamamoto
- Commander-in-chief
- Led attack on Pearl Harbor
- Consolidate and expand
- Led attack at Midway
-Discuss why they won or lost the war
- Japan awoke a sleeping giant
- Production
- Lack of technological advancement
- Radar
- Tanks
- Bombing of Hiroshima
- Breaking Magic
- Failure to break our code
-Discuss the impact WWII had on the country
- Japan was devastated
- Continued to have shortage of food
- Eventually lost all land they had taken over
- Many of their cities the industries, and transportation networks were severely damaged
Areas Controlled by Japan during WWII
- Several regions in China - 1938- 1945
- French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos)- July 15, 1940 - August 29, 1945
- Hong Kong (UK) - December 12, 1940- August 15, 1945
- Philippines (USA) - January 2, 1942 - November 27, 1944
- Wake Island (USA)
Areas Attacked by not Conquered
- AustraliaBritish Colombia (Canada)
- Broome
- Darwin
- Newcastle
- Sydney
- Kohima and Manipur (India)
- Colombo and Trincomalee (Sri Lanka)
- United States
- Santa Barbara (California)
- Pearl Harbor (Hawaii)
- Midway Atoll
- Fort Stevens (Oregon)
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