March 28- April 1

[5 Tara]

March 28 (Monday)- No school

March 29 (Tuesday)- Went over the Italy PowerPoint. 

March 30 (Wednesday)- Started France presentation. 

March 31 (Thursday)- Finished France presentation. Watched Great Britain video. 

April 1 (Friday)- Finished Great Britain and started Soviet Union (My group) 

Notes are here.

Mr. Bruns Notes on Italy: 

Italy After World War Two 

• Italy was very displeased with the Treaty of Versailles 
• Wanted to get more land than they got 
• Italy joined the League of Nations and was a member from 1919 until they withdrew in 1937 

Washington Naval Conference- 1921

5 Power Pact 

• Signed by Great Britain, the United States, Japan, France, and Italy 
• Designed to prevent an arm's race 
• It limited the construction of battleships, battle cruisers, and aircraft carriers
• Did not restrict cruisers, destroyers, or submarines

9 Power Pact 

• Guaranteed Chinese independence and upheld the Open Door Policy 
• Signed by the United States, Japan, China, France, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal 

King Victor Emmanuel 

• Asked Mussolini to take over power in Italy to keep the communists out of Italy 

Benito Mussolini Comes to Power in 1922 

Established Fascism in Italy 

• A government led by a strong dictator 
• Stresses strong nationalism, militarism, and imperialism 
• Uses intimidation to get what they want 
• "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state." 

Kellogg-Briand Pact

• Countries pledged not to use war as a way to settle disputes 

Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini 1936 

• Italy lost its Ethiopia colony in Africa at the 1896 Battle of Adua 
• One of the worst colonial disasters of modern history 
• February 23, 1935, Italy sends large forces into Ethiopia 

Italy/Ethiopia Invasion 

• November 18, 1935 
  • League of Nations sanctions begin 
    • Arms embargo, financial embargo, non-importation of Italian goods 
• February 29, 1936 
  • FDR signed the 1936 Neutrality Act 
    • Mandatory arms embargo with warring nations 
    • Mandatory ban on loans to warring nations 
• May 5, 1936 
  • Italy occupied Addis Ababa 
    • Annexed all Ethiopia on May 9 

Generalissimo Francisco Franco and the Spanish Civil War- 1936 

• Hitler and Mussolini send troops and weapons to help Franco win the civil war against the communists 
• This war served as an important training ground for Hitler's and Mussolini's troops 

Rome-Berlin Axis- 1936 

Tripartite Pact is signed forming the Axis Powers- 1940 

• Germany, Italy, and Japan 

Axis Powers 

• Main Powers 
  • Germany, Italy, and Japan 
• Other Powers 
  • Albania, Bulgaria, Finland, Romania, Thailand, Hungary 

Italy's Goals in World War Two 

• Make a new Roman Empire 
• Make the Mediterranean an "Italian Lake" 
• Take over northern African colonies of Britain and France (especially Egypt) 
• Take over southeastern Europe-Greece and Albania 
• Take over parts of the Middle East 
• Old Roman Empire- 96 A.D 

Other Events:

• Italy Invasion of Albania- 1940
• Italy's Invasion of Greece- 1940
• Italy's Mediterranean and North African Plan
• Italy''s Defeat- 1943 
• Mussolini & his mistress hung in Milan- 1945 

Why did Italy lose? 

• Italy was not prepared militarily to fight a prolonged war
  • Germany had to constantly bail Italy out 
• Italian troops were spread to thin
  • Africa, Mediterranean, Albania, Greece, Soviet Union, France, Battle of Britain
• The people of Italy were not prepared to fight or motivated to fight 
  • They were still forced to fight 
• Overall Italy is a weak country 

Impact World War Two Had on Italy 

• 410,000 dead
  • 333,000 of which were military deaths
• Spent $94 billion 
• Italy had joined the Allies by 1943 so the big concern for the US was making sure Italy became a democracy after the war and not fall to communism 
• US gave millions of dollars to Italy (Marshall Plan) to help rebuild after the war 
• Became a member of NATO in 1949 
• Became a member of the United Nations in 1955 

Mr. Bruns Notes on Britain: 

After World War One 

• Further expansion of the British Empire 
• The independence of Ireland 
• General strike in 1926 

The 1920's 

• Signed the 4, 5, and 9 Power Pacts 
• Joined the League of Nations 
• Signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact 

The Great Depression 

• Largest economic depression of the 20th Century in UK 
• American markets crashed in 1929 
• Huge unemployment rate 

1930's- Road to War

• Signs of threat from Germany 
• Neville Chamberlain's policy of appeasement

World War Two 

• War declaration on Germany in 1939 
• Winston Churchill's appointment to prime minister 
• Evacuation of British soldiers from Belgium 

Battle of Britain 

• July 10- October 31, 1940 
• Hitler wanted air superiority over Royal Air Forces and Britain 
• The Luftwaffe targets RAF airfields and raids cities 
• The British people show great resistance to the assault 
• Germany fails to destroy British air defenses

World War Two

• USA joins the war
• The Allies succeed in North Africa and attack Italy in 1943
  • On June 6, 1944
• Allies close in on Berlin
• Hitler commits suicide, Germany surrenders
• Japan surrenders in August 1945, the war is over

Results of the War

• UK lost it's leading position in the world
• UK lost many colonies
• New international peace organizations

Great Britain's Role in World War Two 

• Appeasement at Munich 
• Declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939 after the German invasion of Poland 
• Last Allied country left standing 
• Battle of Britain- "We shall never surrender" -Churchill
• Great Britain served as a base for US and Free French forces 
• D-Day invasion starting point 
• Received the most Lend-Lease aid from US 
• Lost the "most powerful country in the world" status after World War Two