Posted by
7Shea on April 2, 2014 at 2:27pm
Pearl Harbor Notes
- What happened and why
- They snuck 6 aircraft carriers, 2 battleships, and 48 combat and support vessels (Cruisers, destroyers, submarines) from Japan to Hawaii without being noticed.
- Two waves of planes came during the attack that lasted around 2 hours.
- Killed and wounded around 3,500 Americans, sank or damaged 18 ships, destroyed, over 350 planes were destroyed.
- We placed embargoes and other economic restrictions on Japan to slow their war machine
- Why we quit trading
- We were upset after the Manchurian incident, after they destroyed a U.S. ship, after the Rape of Nanking, and after they invaded Indochina.
- Summer of '41
- US stopped oil exports to Japan after they invaded French Indochina
- August 17 - Roosevelt warned Japan that the United States would attack Japan in they invaded neighboring countries
- Hirohito approved attack on November 5th
- Negotiation Attempts
- After Japan invades Indochina, Roosevelt says he will continue their oil supply and assist Japan if they pull out of Indochina.
- Japan ignores the offers and continues expansion so FDR decided to stop all trade with Japan including all oil.
- Back Door To War
- American people did not want to go to war
- So we stopped trading with countries and did other things to try to get them to attack so we could join the war.
- Causes and effects of WWII in Europe, Asia, and the U.S.
- Our aircraft carriers moved into the area of the island of Midway in which we sunk 4 of the 6 Japanese aircraft carriers that participated in the attack of Pearl Harbor
- Europe
- Treaty of Versailles, The Great Depression, Hitler's actions in the 1930's, Mussolini's actions in the 1930's, Failure of the League of Nations, Policy of Appeasement, Hitler's invasion of Poland, Rise of nationalism.
- Asia
- Japan invaded Manchuria for resources.
- They then invaded China
- U.S.
- Pearl Harbor Attack
- It brought another super power into the war
- Stimulated economy
- 17 million new jobs created
- Federal power during the war increased
- Shifted from state laws to federal laws - important during civil rights era and Vietnam war.
- Women involved in the workforce
- More rights for African Americans - integrated troops.
Italy and North Africa Notes
- Casablanca Conference-January 1942 "Unconditional Surrender"
- U.S., U.K., USSR
- U.S, and USSR wanted D-Day to be in 1942.
- Major Generals
- Dwight D. Eisenhower
- U.S.
- he had responsibility for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942–43
- Operation Torch
- Successful
- We invaded North Africa to get Italy and Germany out.
- Morocco and Algeria
- Strategies in North Africa
- Germany went to bail out Italy
- U.S. and Allies' strategies
- British ensured the security of the Suez Canal
- Put most military effort on Germany
- Invasion of Italy - 1943
- Operation Avalanche
- Support for Italy was going down
- In July, American and British forces had a successful campaign to overthrow Mussolini
Europe and D-Day Notes
- D-Day
- June 6, 1944
- U.S., U.K., France, Canada
- Eisenhower said “we will accept nothing less than full victory.”
- 9,000 soldiers died.
- 100,000 soldiers marched across Europe to defeat Hitler.
- Beaches of Normandy
- 160,000 troops
- More than 5,000 ships and 13,000 aircraft.
- Battle of the Bulge
- Named because Hitler created a Bulge in the U.S. front lines.
- Allies gained control when there were airplanes
- One of our worst battles in terms of losses
- 19,000 Americans killed, 81,000 casualties
- Malmedy Massacre
- 80 Americans were murdered by Germans, worst atrocity committed against American troops during the war in Europe.
- Liberation of France
- Started August 15, 1944
- Was the invasion of southern France
- German Commander General Dietrich von Choltitz defied Hitler’s orders.
- VE-Day
- May 8, 1945
- Marks the end of WWII
- Japan did not surrender until August that year
Japan Notes
- Doolittle's raid
- Raid of Japan
- April 1942
- Was a moral booster, first successful operation
- Battle of Coral Sea
- Series of naval engagements off of Australia
- May 1942
- U.S. and Aussies fighting against Japan.
- First aircraft carrier battle ever fought, which means no ships fired at each other, only airplanes were used to attack each other.
- Battle that saved Australia
- Battle of the Philippines
- Douglas MacArthur
- Bataan Death March
- Battle of Leyte Gulf
- Kamikaze - Suicide flyers, filled planes with explosives then flying into ships.
- September 1944
- Battle of Midway
- We figured out their code and we won the battle at midway.
- Things were still not working well.
- Navajo Code Talkers
- Navajo code talkers were people who used the Navajo language to send messages during WWII.
- There were approximately 400-500 Native Americans in the United States Marine Corps whose primary job was the transmission of secret messages.
- Code talking was first formally used by the Choctaw Indians during WWI. Other Native American code talkers were deployed by the United States Army during World War II, including Cherokee, Choctaw, Lakota, Meskwaki, and Comanche soldiers.
- Iwo Jima
- February-March 1945
- U.S. needed a naval base near the Japanese coast
- Iwo Jima was defended by about 23,000 Japanese navy and army troops who fought from elaborate system of tunnels, caves, dugouts, and underground installations.
- 6,821 Deaths
- Okinawa
- Started in April 1945
- There were four airfields that America needed to control.
- US commander Lieutenant- General Simon Bolivar Buckner selected the Hagushi Bay on the western side of the island for the American landing.
- Thankfully, out of the 193 kamikaze plane attacks, 169 were destroyed. The planes that made it through dealt damage especially to the carrier fleet which didn't have armored flight decks.
- Dropping of the Atomic bombs
- After arriving at the US base on the Pacific island of Tinian, the more than 9,000 pound Uranium-235 pound bomb was loaded on a modified B-29 bomber named “Enola Gay”(after the mother of it’s pilot), the plane dropped “Little Boy” by parachute at 8:15 AM and exploded 2,000 feet above the city with a blast equal of 12-15,000 tons of TNT, and exterminated 5 sq. miles of Hiroshima
- "Little boy" was the bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima.
- V-J Day
- Victory over Japan day
- August 14
- Midway
- The battle of midway was one of the most important naval battles in WWII
- The battle was a counter attack of a raid to the american aircraft carriers that escaped pearl harbor.
US Homefront
Holocaust Notes
- What was the Holocaust?
- Holocaust in Greek means “sacrifice by fire”
- Not only Jews were targeted but also homosexuals and gypsies
- 11 million killed
- 6 million jewish
- 1.1 million children
- Jews and Germans could not marry
- Nuremberg laws- excluded jews from everyday life
- First concentration camp was established in 1933 and imprisoned anyone considered “dangerous”
- Camps
- Concentration
- Worked, held as prisoners and killed by the Nazis
- Labor
- Forced Jews to work and do manual labor
- Many died of exposure, starvation and exhaustion
- Transit
- Camps where Jews were held before being sent to concentration camps
- POW
- First type of camp during this time
- Many Nazi doctors were sent to the camps to test experiments on Jews
- The biggest killing took place in September 1941 in the Babi Yar Ravine just outside of Kiev, Ukraine where over 33,000 Jews were killed in two days
- 40,000 camps
- Concentration camps were established to make prisoners do slave labor until they died of disease or exhaustion
- Jews and other victims were held in overcrowded ghettos before being transported by freight train to extermination camps, if they survived the journey they would be systematically executed in gas chambers
- Auschwitz I was first constructed to hold Polish political prisoners, who began to arrive in May 1940. The first extermination of prisoners took place in September 1941, and Auschwitz II–Birkenau went on to become a major site of the Nazi "Final Solution to the Jewish question"
- At least 1.1 million prisoners died at Auschwitz, around 90 percent of them Jewish; approximately 1 in 6 Jews killed in the Holocaust died at the camp.
- Nuremburg Laws of 1935
- Were anti semitic laws in Nazi Germany introduced at the annual Nuremberg rally of the Nazi Party.These laws deprived Jews and other non-Aryans of German citizenship and prohibited racially mixed sexual relations and marriages between Germans and Jews
- the police arrested many Gypsies along with others the Nazis viewed as "asocials", and "work shy", including prostitutes, beggars, chronic alcoholics, and homeless people, and imprisoned them in concentration camps
- Kristallnacht (Crystal night)
- Nazi's burned and destroyed Jewish Synagogues
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