Monday 23rd -
*Great Britain*
Winston Churchill
Born into a wealthy family
Grew up in Dublin, Ireland
Performed poorly at first schools
Enrolled in Harrow Boarding School in April, 1888
Joined Harrow Rifle Corps
Served until 1899
Wrote military reports
Worked as a war correspondent
Elected president of Board of Trade in 1908
Served in WW1 after Gallipoli failure
Involved in politics until WW2
Appointed Prime Minister
Worked on post-war tactics
Lost general election in July, 1945
Continued to have impact on world affairs
As the war was coming to an end, he tried to create social reforms but couldn't convince the public,
Retired in 1955 due to bad health
Died in 1965 - 90
Home Front
The Home Guard - 'Local Defense Volunteers'
Women's Land Army
Under Attack
Air raid alerts - they would take cove r underground
Never invaded by Nazi Germany due to Hitler failing to have air superiority
Propaganda
"Careless talk costs lives" - spies - loose lips sink ships
"Dig for Victory" - growing, gardens
Conservation
Battle Strategies
"We shall never surrender"
Civilian Mobilization
Battle of Britain - 1940
Unable to gain air superiority
Hitler wanted it to launch invasion
Alan Brooke
Field Marshal and senior commander in the British Army
Chief of the Imperial General Staff
Commanded British troops in France
Initiated the evacuation to Dunkirk
Handled British forces in the retreat to Dunkirk
Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee
Commanded in Flanders, France. and Germany
Clement Attlee
The chair in the coalition government of the third body, the Lord President's Committee
Domestic affairs
Home affairs, the economy
Was the successor to Winston Churchill
Charles Portal
Was Commander-in-Chief of Bomber Command for most of the war, strategic area bombing
Chief of the Air Staff
Came up with strategic plans for offensive bombing
Marshal of the Royal Air Force
Why the Allies Won The Battle of Britain
Leader - Marshal Hugh Dowding
Britain stood alone against the power of Germany's military forces
Germany had major problems: Had no navy left, their army was unprepared, and poor intelligence
They waited for the British to surrender and attacked in August
British attacked on Berlin which led the Luftwaffe to change operations and panned to massive attack on London
First attack on London was a success on Sept. 7th.....Sept. 15th, second attack failed
British fighters appeared in large numbers and shot down many of the Germans
Hitler postponed the landing on British Isles and suspended something..
Enigma Machine Code
Used by the Germans and was used for battlefields, naval, and diplomatic communications
Bletchley was the first to be able to read the code
Allies could then discover where the German U-Boats were hunting and get their own ships away from danger
Impact on Great Britain
Country went bankrupt
Women had to work because men fought
Economic impact was in massive debt
Political impact Winston Churchill became prime minister
Social Impact less supply of maids and servants
United States
Major Events
After Dec. 7th, Japanese attack on the American Naval Fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
U.S. was thrust into WW2 and everyday life across the country was dramatically altered
Food, Gas, Clothing, and more were rationed
Basic Facts
To help build Armaments necessary to win the war
Women found employment as electricians, welders. and riveters in defense plants
U.S. lost about 407,000 in military, and the coastal guards
About 12,000 civilians (+ 9,500 members of the U.S. Merchant Marine)
Leaders:
FDR
Born in 1882 into rich family in NY
Only child - tutored at home
Went to college at Harvard
Married distant cousin - Eleanor Roosevelt
Got polio in 1921 after the lost the campaign for vice president
Many health issues
Died in 1945
Came to power by:
Senator for NY in 1910
1912 elected
Voted into the election
How he lost:
Served 4 terms 1932 - 1945
Died while serving 4th term
Harry S. Truman
Born in Missouri
Didn't attend college
Farmer and Joined the National Guard in WW1
33 years old when he joined
How he came to power:
Elected to the US senate in 1934
Chosen to be FDR's running mate
Vice for 82 days before FDR's death - 33rd president
First months in office, he dropped the atomic bombs on Japan ending WW2
Policy of the Communist Containment
He started the Cold War and he initiated US involvement in the Korean War
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Tuesday 24th -
United States
Home Front
Food, gas, and clothing were rationed
Women were employed
Japanese Americans lost rights
Propaganda
Rosie the Riveter
Stars over America Campaign
Recruitment
Financing War Effort
Resource Conservation
Battle Strategies
Defeat Germany first - then Japan
Attack weakest points
Island hopping
Major Battles
The Philippines - Dec. 7th, 1941
Battle of the Coral Sea - May 1942
Midway - June 1942
Operation Torch - Nov. 1942
Battle of the Bulge - 1944 - 1945
D-Day Invasion - June 6th, 1944
Important People
Douglas MacArthur
Named commander of US Army forces in the Far East
Led the US against Japan in the Philippines
Appointed supreme commander of allied forces in the Southwest Pacific
Given command of all Army forces in the Pacific
Accepted Japan's surrender aboard the USS Missouri
Oversaw the demobilization of Japan's military forces as well as the restoration of the economy and the drafting
Dwight Eisenhower
Called to DC planning officer
Headed Operation Torch, Allied invasion of North Africa
Made Full general in 1943
Panned allied invasion of Nazi invasion
became president later on
George Patton
Commanded US Troops in the fight for North Africa
Nicknamed Old Blood and Guts by his troops
Helped put the US forces on the offensive in Africa
Prepared the US 7th Army for the invasion of Sicily
Led the 3rd Army through the battle of the Bulge, was very successful defensively
Led his army into Germany in early 1945, helping liberate the country from Nazi rule
Navajo Code Talkers
Philip Johnston
Proposed the idea of using the Navajo language as a Navajo code
They change the code frequently so the enemy cant break the code
One word can have up to 4 meanings
Chester Nez
Last remaining of 29 Navajo talkers that could speak the code, died 93 years old June 4th, 2014
Became known back in WW2
First 29 Navajo code talkers recruits arrived in May 1942
Code words were common to military terms
Used through radio and telephone
Used by Marines too
50,000 tribe members
Impact on the US
17 million new jobs created
Federal powers increased, so less power to state laws
Women worked
blacks were treated as second class citizens
blacks were also given jobs
*Soviet Union*
Basic Facts
60+ million deaths
About 19-25 million caused by sickness and diseases
Cost: 1 trillion dollars
allies: Germany, US, Great Britain
Home Front
Everyone was involved
War on their territory
Women worked, men fought
Teenagers were involved too
Factories, nurses, stay at home moms
Women made up one third of working forces
Important People
Joseph Stalin
Played a role in Russian Revolution
General Secretary of the Committee
Became leader after Vladimir Lenin died 1924
Organized the Great Purge
Ivan Bagramyan
Marshal of the Army
Later on Soviet Army commander
Fought Eastern Front, Operation Barbarossa, and Moscow
Georgy Zhukov
Marshal of Army
Soviet member of the Allied control council for Germany
Minister of Defense of the Soviet union 1955 - 57
Fought " " Siege of Leningrad and Stalingrad
Why they Won
War/Battle Strategies
Big Army
Winter
Allies
Impact of the War
Most casualties
Had to pay huge fines
Rebuilt cities
Production went up
**Great Britain, Soviet Union, US, China, France, Chile, Brazil, Cuba, Panama**
9 Power Pact - Guaranteed Chinese Independence, Upheld The Open Door Policy
***Belligerent means country at war***
A cash and carry system was set up in the 1937 Neutrality Act of 1937
Could be war goods - food, medical supplies, water
Why did we win? Intelligence.
June 6th, 1944, D-DAY
Crossed English channel beaches or Normandy and Omaha beach
Yalta Conference - February 1945
Establishment of the United Nations - Split Germany into 4 zones - Free elections in Eastern Europe - Russia promised to join war against Japan
Truman took over when FDR died - April 12th, 1945
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Wednesday 25th - Took more notes (shown above)
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Thursday 26th - Reviewed from yesterday's notes and took some more
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Friday 27th - **Not here due to regional swim meet up in Minneapolis**
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Comments
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