March 23 - 27 - Blogs

Monday:

GREAT BRITAIN cont.

The Blitz:

many people died from German bombing
Children and elderly evacuated to countryside

Food ration:

not much

Battle of Britain:

Use of aircraft mostly
between summer and fall 1940
Germany bomb Britain all the time
that's when propaganda came in
Great Britain won it because of their better air force

Munich Conference:

It was a settlement that was permeating Nazi Germany and parts of Czechoslovakia
Germany got Sudetenland
Hitler said that the only thing they won't -> won't take other countries then
Churchill criticized it, didn't wanted to give it to Germany

Military:

was volunteer army
early they suffered much

Fall of Singapore:

British military base
Japan won the battle of Singapore
largest surrender of British led personnel in history

At the end of WWI, they wanted to make sure a war never happens -> signed a bunch of pacts and stuff. The Great Depression happened and that change a lot. They fought in Europa and in North Africa. Bernard Montgomery is the British General. They won because of the will to survive, ultra (code for Germany).

UNITED STATES

American's Leader:

FDR: President; great friends with Churchill; helped to create the United Nation
Eisenhower: Commander of D-Day; organized the North Africa attack
Patton: famous for Pistols; led troops in Europa and North Africa
MacArthur: led troops at the Philippines; was in charge of US forces in Japan; after that he quiet the military but promised to return, caused the Japaneses to surrender; FDR didn't like him

Treaty of Versailles:

United States wanted to punish Germany more

Kellogg Briand Pact:

outlawed war
15 countries signed it

Neutrality Acts:

No exporting anything to do with war to countries at war
Forbade US Citizen to get on hostile ships are trade with hostile countries
Removed the what the other neutrality act did and replaced it with "cash and carry"

When and why did we become involved:

December 8, 1941; Pearl Harbor attack
Nazi's sinking ships

What happened when we did became involved:

Tides were turned
Nagasaki and Hiroshima
Axis powers were defeated

Tuesday:

Franklin D. Roosevelt
- president
- German offensive
- helped create united nations
General MacArthur
- helped Philippines
- Japanese surrender
- sometimes criticized
- sometimes praised
General Patton Jr.
- complicated military man
- pistols
- fierce determination
- lead soldiers
Dwight D. Eisenhower
- commander of D-day
- North Africa attack
Treaty of Versailles
- June 28, 1918
- end of WWI
- ended war between Germany and allied powers
- German boundaries reassigned
Kellogg Briand Pact
- no war
- Pact of Paris
- 15 countries signed
Neutrality Acts
- 1935- no exporting anything to do with war to countries at war
- 1937- forbade U.S. citizens to get on hostile ships or trade with hostile countries
- 1939- removed what the neutrality acts did and replaced with cash and carry
Can involved
- pearl harbor
- Nazi's sinking ships
Home front
- victory gardens
- war bonds
- Rosie the Riveter
Tides of war turned
- new soldiers
- special soldiers
- new equipment
- iron fist
- better equipment
Major Battles
- Pearl Harbor
  - Japanese surprise attack
  - Hawaii
- D-day
  - delayed because of weather
  - Americans on Omaha beach and Utah
  - Heavy resistance
  - eventually took over
  - Canadians helped
  - attacked Juno beach
- Iwo Jima
  - Japanese island
  - US took it over
  - heavy resistance
- Battle of Midway
  - naval battle
  - most decisive
  - defeated Japan
  - turning point Pacific campaign
- Battle of the Bulge
  - last major German offensive
  - attempted to split allied armies
  - caught off guard
- Leyte War
  - naval battle
  - destroyed much of the Japanese surface fleet
  - virtually ended their ability to move goods
- Okinawa
  - last and biggest
  - at stake - air bases vital to attack on Japan
  - Japanese held out for many weeks
- Manhattan Project
  - atomic bomb creations
  - very secretive
  - led by the US with help from UK and Canada
- Island Hopping
  - leapfrogging
  - take over key islands
  - get in range for bombing Japan
Impact
- great depression ended
- economy
- super power
- nuclear weapons
- jobs

Bruns Notes

Major Allied Powers
- Great Britain
- Soviet Union
- United States
- China
- France
US after WWI
- never signed Treaty of Versailles
- Warren Harding won the 1920 election - promised to "return to normalcy"
- 1920's and 1930's focused on US
Neutrality in General
- passed neutrality acts in 1930's
- keep us out of war - not get involved
Neutrality Acts of 1935
- designed to last six months
- banned US trade of arms and war materials with any country at war
- declared US citizens traveling on warring ships traveled at their own risk
Neutrality Acts of 1936
- renewed the provisions of the 1935 act for another 14 months
- forbade all loans or credits
Neutrality Acts of 1937
- set to expire after 2 years
- set up the "cash and carry" system
  - countries had to give us cash
Panay incident
- american gunboat attacked on river in China by Japan
Neutrality Act of 1939
- cash and carry system
Bases for destroyers
- fifty US destroyers were given to Great Britain for exchange for land rights for 99 years on British colonies for naval or air base purpose
End of US neutrality - lend lease act
- allowed the US to sell, lend, or give war materials to nations the US wanted to support
- US gave $50 billion to allied nations throughout the war
German U-boats
- FDR announced that he ordered the US navy to attack German and Italian war ships in the "waters which we deem necessary"

WWII Major Battles vs Japan:

Pearl Harbor, December 7th 1941; A day which will live in infamy
Battle of Philippines
Battle of Coral See
...

Wednesday:

Bataan Death March:

After the Philippines fell
Fillinos are forced to march from one camp to another
10,000 Filipinos died and 650 American POW's because of starvation, no medical attention, ..

Operation Downfall:

preparing for the invasion of Japan
planned for for october 1945

Manhattan Project:

Atomic bomb creation
took about 6 years
we tested it in New Mexico
we have to built a plane which is strong enough to carry it: Elona Gay; Paul Tibits moms name

Island hopping:

Leapfrogging
takes over islands

Impacts on America:

ended the Great Depression
gave women and men jobs
nuclear weapon were invented
we became a super power

Main allied Powers: Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States, China, France

Hiroshima:

Uranium Bomb
Little Boy
target: t shaped bridge

Nagasaki:

Plutonium bomb
Fat Man
they run out of gas -> so they didn't drop the bomb on the right spot
couple days after this, Japan surrendered

VJ Day:

August September 1945
Japan officially surrendered

Potsdam Conference:

Allies met to talk about what happens to Japan
Japan refused, so we dropped the atomic bombs

GERMANY and UNITED STATES

Battles

Battle of Atlantic: Battle for the control of the Atlantic Ocean; German U-Boots against royal air force; cutting off supply lines
Operation of Avalanche: Battle with Italy
Operation Overland: D-Day; invasion of France; June 6, 1944; to free France from the German control; Utah and Omaha beach
Operation Dragoon (Invasion of southern France)
Fighting in Germany; Issues with the Siegfried Line (West Wall)

Convoy System:

Boots in large groups

Enigma:

machine, German used to transmit their messages
we discovered how to read it

Hunter Killer and Depth Charges

Hunter Killer: Ship which was designed to destroy and search German U-Boots
Depth Charges: destroyed U-Boots

Yalta Conference:

last time Churchill, FDR and Stalin would meet
in Russia
Agreed to establish the United Nation
Germany is going to be divided into four zone; GB, US, Soviet Union, France
free election allowed in the states of eastern Europe
Russia promised to join war against Japan; just for under a week

V-E Day:

May 8, 1945
Victory in Europe Day

Home front:

we can do this; women take over the work of men
don't buy thing illegally
women becoming nurses

Thursday:

Natives Americans:

Tuskegee Institute/Airmen: they had to fight to do this; did
a good job bombing Italy; segregated, black units and white units
Asian Americans: worked on farms
Hollywood in WWII: Propaganda Movies, example Casablanca

OPA and Rations:

OPA (Office of Price Administration): Dealt with the ration of food and toys and stuff
5 gallons of gas per week
they had ration books
you can't give your stamps to friends,...

Japanese Internment Camps:

we didn't trust the Japanese anymore
we put them in camps
they had to give up they house,..
for Japanese Americans

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