March 23-27

Monday-Great Britain Presentation/United States Presentation

Tuesday- Continued U.S. Presentation

Wednesday- Finished U.S Presentation

Thursday- Reviewed and watched movie

Friday-Dedicated to movie

Joined League of Nations
Signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact-not use war as means to settle disputes
Signed the 4th, 5th, 9th Power Pacts
4th Power Pact-countries would respect each others belongings
5th Power Pact-limited Naval Size
9th Power Pact-open door policy to China
Tried to make sure WW1 was the war to end all wars
Sep. 1st 1939 declared war on Germany (Germany invaded Poland)
Neville Chamberlain died from cancer and Winston Churchill became the Prime Minister
Churchill joined army and worked for Newspaper; died at 90
Chamberlain Tried to appease Hitler by allowing territorial growth
Resisted Germany's attack in 1940
Received U.S. aid through lend-lease pact
Churchill alerted the west expansion threat of the Soviets; tried to craft war peace after the war
Clement Attlee born in 1883; part of British Cabinet; Prime Minister at the end of WW1 (1942-45)
Focused on taking out Germany and Japan
403,00 military; 92,700 civilian casualties
360,000 servicemen/civilians died; bombs destroyed cities; severe cutbacks in trade and food rationing
Kids were sent off in order to preserve their futures and moved to the countryside
Battle Strategies: Air Force, Radar (ULTRA;intercepted and deciphered German Code), huge bombings
Battle of Britain- Luftwaffe tried to bomb the British cities into submission; Royal Air Force destroyed the German competition (1,700 Luftwaffe planes destroyed)- Hitler's first major loss
Hitler planned on bombing Britain and taking out their air force but his invasion never took place due to no air support
D-Day Invasion- Normandy, France June 6th, 1944, allied invasion of Normandy, Liberation of France from Nazi control
Bernard Montgomery- Field Marshall, in command of all allied ground forces during "Operation Overlord", nicknamed "Monty"
Why the allies won- War production was key, Rocket launchers, jet engines, assault boats, produced penicillin, and a big part is ULTRA.
Impact: No longer a major world power-became 3rd/4th
Most of the British Empire were given up in the next 15 years
France tried to hold their countries
The war costed more and caused more changes in the countries than any other war, and it helped end the Great Depression. Destroyed many cities.

United States:

Pearl Harbor in 1941
Hiroshima
Signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1930's signed the neutrality acts Basis for destroyers pact and Lend Lease Pact
Home Front- Factories switched from civilian productions to military productions
Women started to work (Rosie the Riveter)
Food Rationing (Victory Gardens)
War Bonds (people who couldn't fight sent money)
Japanese Americans were rounded up and put together in "relocation camps" not killed but just watched; forced upon them
Goals- Wanted peace, free elections, joined U.N.
cost- $296 billion
Allies-Great Britain, Russia, France
420,000 military deaths
Why they won: Germany invaded Soviet Union (BIG MISTAKE)
Battle of Normandy
Bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki
More Resources
Magic- Broke and received coded messages
Navajo code talker- wrote and received codes
Battle of the Bulge- Hitler's last major offensive- Hitler wanted to split the allied armies in the northwest Europe, Germany was desperate, Americans fought desperately and bought enough time to win.
Pearl Harbor-Aerial assault by Japanese troops on American troops in Honolulu Hawaii-led to US going to war with Japan
Battle of Okinawa-largest and last battle of the Pacific
Battle of Iow Jima- U.S. needed a base near Japanese Coast.
Battle Strategies- Island Hopping (Taking one island, then the closest next to it; in order to collect chains of islands)
Attacked Nazi-Axis Powers first
Paced an Embargo on all trade in Japan- cut off Japanese trade
Impact:
Money was in surplus; people spent a lot
More women worked
Arms Race really began
America became a world power
The hunt of communism began
Leaders:
FDR-President, declared war on Japan, Four Freedoms (speech, expression, religion, want, fear), wanted alliance with Soviet Union
Dwight Eisenhower-Stationed in Philippines, returned when Nazi's invaded Poland, became a General in 1941, Headed Operation Torch in North Africa, Directed Invasions of Sicily, and the Italian mainland-led to the fall of Rome in 1944, Led Operation Overlord
George Marshall- Chief of Staff, planned invasions in WW2, was not allowed to command Normandy Invasions, until command of Air, and the Atlantic was gained and amphibious assault on Normandy seemed unlikely to succeed, Control of Atlantic-Mid 1943, Control of Air- 1944
George Patton- Command of 1st/2nd Armored Divisions, Organized training in Californian Desert, won first American victory against the Nazi Troops in the battle of El Guettar-1943, turned over command in North Africa to Gen. Bradley, Led army across Rhine River and gained 10,000 miles of land
Home-front:
World leader
Military Power
Women kept jobs
Unemployment dropped
Living standards excelled
Marshal Plan (recovery aid)
Cold War (Soviet Union)
Main Powers:
United States
Great Britain
Soviet Union
China
France
Latin America:
Argentina
Bolivia
Mexico
Costa Rica
Cuba
Nicaragua

U.S. NEVER signs Treaty of Versailles (punishing Germany)
Warren Harding won the 1920 election with a promise to "Return to Normalcy" (Isolationism)
The U.S. went back to focusing on America
Neutrality Act of 1935- signed on August 31, 1935 Banned U.S. Trade of arms with any country at war; US citizens who traveled on war ships were at their own risk
Neutrality Act of 1936- Renewed the Act of -35 for another 14 months, forbade all loans or credits to belligerents (Countries at war), did not cover "Civil Wars"
Neutrality Act of 1937- set for two years, included provisions of earlier acts, included civil wars, U.S. Citizens could not travel on ships of belligerent nations, "Cash and Carry systems were set up
Neutrality Act of 1939- Allowed arms trade with belligerent nations on a cash-and-carry basis, US citizens and ships were barred from entering war zones
Quarantine Speech- Aimed at helping GB and France- The peaceful nations of the world must come together and Quarantine the Axis Powers.
Panay Incident- Japan attacked US gunboat, killed 3 troops, relationship between American and Japan got worse, they paid us $$; accident
Lend-Lease Act-End of US Neutrality: allowed U.S. to sell, lend, give war materials to nations the US wanted to support, gave $50 billion of supplies to Allied Nations
Great Britain gave the US Newfoundland, Eastern Bahamas, Southern Jamaica, Western St. Lucia, Western Trinidad, Antigua, British Guiana for 99 years
Selective Training and Service Act- Required that men ages 21-35 register for draft-extended all men aged 18 to 45 once US entered war-First Peacetime draft
Draft boards set up-Each male was given 1-7,836; each number put into capsule, capsule is put into a giant bowl, and they randomly pick a number
Atlantic Charter-August 1941, Defined Allied goals for the post-war world, similarities to Wilson's 14 points (changing all countries)
Major Battles (In Order): Pearl Harbor, Philippines, Doolittle's Raid, Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Saipan, Guam, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Hiroshima, Nagasaki.
Pearl Harbor- December 7th 1941-Japanese tried to knock us out of the war, hoping to get oil.
Backdoor to War- We get to war with Germany through Japan
Japanese also attacked- Malaysia, Hong Kong, Midway, Wake Island, Philippine Island.
Bataan Death March- Japan forced Filipino and american prisoners to march from one camp to another; 10,000 Filipinos died/ 650 Americans- lack of supplies
Operation Downfall- 1945 estimated over 1 million casualties, 267,000 deaths, never took place.
VJ DAY- Japan officially surrendered.
Potsdam Conference- United States, Great Britain, China announced Japan either surrendered or face destruction. Everything dismantled; all land taken back. Democracy was Promoted.
US with Germany- Battle of the Atlantic, Operation Torch, Operation Avalanche (Invasion of Italy), Operation Overlord (D-Day) June 6, 1944, Operation Dragoon (Invasion of Southern France), Operation Varsity (Invasion of Germany past Rhine River), Fighting in Germany-Issues with the Siegfried Line (WestWall)
Allied Intelligence- RADAR(Detecting vessels and aircraft), HF/DF(Underwater RADAR), ULTRA/MAGIC(Intercepted and cracked Japanese and German Codes)
British Used Bombe to decipher messages
Depth Charge (underwater mine)
Yalta Conference 1945-The set up of the United Nations, Germany divided into 4 zones occupied by each of the 4 powers (France,US,Britain,Italy), Free Elections, Russia Promised to join war against Japan; Russia broke Neutrality pact with Japan the DAY AFTER we bombed Japan
April 1945 FDR dies Truman comes to power
Women come into the war-Rosie the Riveter
Things Women did: worked on farms, typists, saleswomen, waitresses, bus/taxi drivers, time keepers, elevator operators, laundresses, teachers, doctors, cartography, photography, navy, army, phone operators.
Tokyo Rose- US woman captured and Forced to broadcast propaganda to the Allied Troops for Japan. Taunted the troops by playing music from home.
Asian Americans- fought mostly against Germany
Hollywood- Movies/propaganda/news reels to escape the problems of the war and get morals up
Kilroy- a man drew a picture on containers on a loading dock and it ended up getting out and everywhere around the world
Rations- Restrictions on sugar, meat, clothing, food, gasoline (Truck Drivers had T-stickers for unlimited amounts)((Doctors get C stickers for more gas)) 32,500 people were arrested for using false stickers.
Instructions- Ration week Saturday-Saturday, cannot give tickets to anyone else, when someone dies their ration book must be returned to ration board.
Horse Meat-not rationed
War Production Board-encouraged factories to ramp up production; don't waste time

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March 23-27

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