My notes yesterday didn't post so.
Monday- continue GB
Tuesday- Finish GB start US
Wednesday- Finish Us
Thursday- Finish up and start movie
Friday-
Lauran and Pearianns notes to study from
Soviet union (Russia)
major events
- war with Poland 1920
- peace treaty signed (1921)
- Stalin takes over (1924)
- join league of nations 1934
- sign non aggression pact with Germany 1939
Death and cost
-more deaths than any other country
- 11,000,000 military
-6,700,000 civilian
-money today 2 trillion
Leaders ww2
- joseph Stalin- poor growing up. involved in crimes to fund Bolshevik revolution (Russia became communist). Lenin died 1924 then Stalin became leader. signed non aggression pact with hitler. Germany broke the pact. soviet union became part of the allies. died 1953 then once died soviet got rid of his ways and stuff and go fresh. responsible for 20 million deaths. (Stalin won leader of soviet union)
Battle strategies
- power in numbers
- climate!! Germany weren't prepared fro cold
- burn the fighting ground (pushed back so then burn everything)
- women on the front lines
-shoot anyone that leaves
Hitler's plan (operation Barbarossa)
- Stalingrad- decisive soviet victory
-Leningrad- soviet victory, surrounded
- Moscow-
Major battle
- invaded Poland- September 17, 1939. Germany invaded Poland. soviet victory. ended up taking all of Poland. 84,000 killed. easy victory.
- invasion of soviet union. June 22, 1941. operation Barbarossa. invaded by Germany. fail for the axis powers. were close but failed. (siege of Leningrad lasted 872 days never invaded starved them where cannibalism started. total casualties were over 4 million
- battle of Stalingrad - bloodiest turning point over 2 million dead. Austin 23, 1942 till February 2nd 1943
- battler of berlin- April 14, 1945 red army breached end in Europe 173,000 killed (heart of Germany where hitler is BERLIN)
- BACK HOME - poor harsh discipline people went hungry. depended a lot more than they had/ so tough because of the Germans invading. where cannibalism started
Generals who impacted the war
-George Zhukov- played big role in letting red army in conquering Germanys capital. captured berlin. (stalin didn't like him was jealous)
-Boris shaposhnikav- chief of the general staff guy behind the scenes incase something happened .
why and how soviets won
- won because of the winter .
post war
- enormous loss of 40 million. mass shooting of civilians. lots of feminine disease. destalinization getting rid of Stalin deals like not kill many people because Stalin wanted to kill everyone
BRUNS
Stalin policy prior to world war 2
-dropped out of world war 1 to fight bulshivac revolution loosing war to Germany and the Bolshevik was to become communist.
- purges to slave labor camps in Siberia
- "cult of personality" see tons of statues and pictures for to make people remember that there is charge.
-nationalism and collectivism. soviet union went to people taking farms to the government taking over peoples businesses
-fiver year plans have goals every 5 years want to increase how much money . economic plan
-banned religion- was Christian then atheist would be in prison if practice religion
-let people starve to death
Soviet union invasions-
- also invaded Latvia Lithuania and Finland. signed neutrality pact with japan. invaded by germy in June. the Russian winter of 1941 changed the tide of the war
-1943- 1944 soviets slowly pushing Germany
GREAT BRITIAN
Prior to world war 2
-just out fo world war 1, great Britain and france don't want war.
-hitler takes over the Rhineland (Rhineland demilitarized after WWl location at France)
-prime minister Neville chamberlain hands over the Sudetenland
entering the war
- made allies with Poland
- Germany invades Poland on September 1, 1939
- great Britain and France declare war on Germany September 3, 1939
Major leader
- Winston Churchill- born very wealthy family. joined harrow rifle corps got his passion military. performed poorly at first two schools. struggles in school and math a lot. grew up in Ireland. served in army until 1899. wrote military reports. worked as a war correspondent, became member of parliament in 1900. elected president of board of trade in 1908. served in WWl after Gallipoli failure. involved in politic before world war 2. appointed prime minister . worked on post war tact war plan for after the war, lost general election but continues to have a impact on world affaires.
- The blitz- 43,000 civilians died from German bombing. bombing of London lasted 57 consecutive nights. children and elderly evacuated the countryside.
-food rationing- what u had to pay u got porportions
main events
- Britain joins allied forces (great Britain ,Us, Russia) Allied forces
- Battle of Britain- completely air Germany continually bombs Britain. completely use of aircrafts. where propaganda and home front came into play.
- Munich conference- was a settlement that was permeeting Nazi german and parts of cezlavociakia gave them the country so the war wouldn't break out. gave them what he wanted to stay out of war so gave cezlvokia.
-fall of Singapore- in southeast Asia was a British military base. japan won the battle of Singapore. was the largest surrender o British led by personnel in history.
Military- the great Britain army in wwll was a volunteer army. it introduced limited conscription.
bruns
- want to know. world war 1 end of war great britian most powerful country in the war but they struggles a lot they wanted to make sure didn't have war again. signed 4 5 9 power pact. joined league of nations. signed kalong brand pact. hit them hard struggles for survival. spring of 1940 battle of Britain goes. great Britain ended up won invasion never happened turned his attention on soviet unction. great Britain was in d day invasion and north Africa and in Europe. Winston Churchill we shall not surrender. Bernard Montgomery was of the British biggest general (allies won Britain did good they could survive. the ultra secret was a German code)
Unites states
major leaders
- FDR- franklin d Roosevelt- president during world war 1 was great friend with Churchill. he helped create the unite of nations. died from hemorrhage. German offensive (allied)
-general MacArthur- Philippines back out. Japanese surrender. sometimes criticizes and sometimes praised. some think he didn't do enough. FDR DIDNT like him but respected how he took care of his troupes. was in charge of u.s forces against Phillies
-Patton- complicated military man. fierce determination. lead soldiers. major generals that fought against Germany in (Europe and north Africa)
- Dwight d. Eisenhower- commander of d day and helped organize and and north Africa attack. ran for president but didn't get the nomination 1948.
Major battles
-Treat of Versailles- June 28. 1918 end of world war 1. ended war between Germany and allied powers. German boundaries reassigned
-Kellogg Briand pact- no war august 27, 1928. 15 countries signs. some countries were France, us, condom south Africa, Italy japan,
-neutrality acts- 1935 congress passed would not supply anyone with anything. 1937. forbade us citizens to get hostile ships or trade with the countries. . 1939 passed cash and carry country have to pay us before we give them anyone it was smart because after world war 1 (being sunk) there was so much debt.
- when war officially came involved was peal harbor (December 8, 1941. did sneak attack. was hoping to get us out of the war but it didn't. ended up damaged some of the ships
- why we became involved. peal harbor. a day that will live in infamy. Nazi sinking ships and Germany.
-what happened when America became involved- tided were turned. new torus. axis powers were defeated
Great Britain
- End of WWI
- Planned to never fight again
- Joined the League of Nations
- Signed a pact with Poland
- Part of the Washington naval conference.
- 4, 5 and 9 power pact
- Kellogg-Briand pact
- Beginning of WWII
- Germany invaded Poland. (September 1, 1939)
- Allies with the US and France
- Neville Chamberlain
- Prime Minister
- Appeasement policy
- Stepped down
- Winston Churchill
- Grew up in Dublin, Ireland
- Joined army then started working at a newspaper
- Prime minister
- Tried warning people of Hitler
- Died at age 90
- November 30, 1874 - January 24, 1965
- Defeated axis powers and crafted war peace
- After the breakdown of the alliance he alerted the west expansion threat of the Soviets
- Clement Attlee
- Born in 1883
- During the war, part of the British Cabinet (1940-42)
- Prime Minister at the end of WWII (1942-45)
- War Goals
- Focus on taking out Germany and Japan
- Total Casualties
- Military - 403,900
- Civilian - 92,700
- Impact of the homefront
- 360,000 servicemen and civilians died on the homefront
- German bombs destroyed many cities
- Severe cutbacks in trade
- Rationing of food
- Kids on the homefront
- Kids labeled as luggage and separated from parents
- Moved to country side to be protected and kept safe
- Battle strategies
- Battle of Britain
- Air force took out many Germans
- German air force was going to bomb Britain into submission
- Great Britain had radar and ULTRA
- Planned huge bombing on France to destroy the main force
- Battle of Britain
- Major Battles
- Battle of Britain
- July 10, 1940 - October 31, 1940
- 1,700 Luftwaffe planes destroyed
- Used to bomb Great Britain
- Luftwaffe never recovered
- Hitler wanted to bomb Britain and take out the air force
- The invasion never happened
- D-Day invasion
- Landed in Normandy, France on June 6, 1944
- Allied invasion of Normandy
- Battle of Britain
- Major people
- British General Bernard Montgomery
- Ranked as the Field Marshal
- In command of all allied ground forces during "Operation Overlord"
- Nicknamed "Monty"
- British General Bernard Montgomery
- Why the Allies won the war
- War production was the key to winning
- Rocket launchers, jet engines, assault boats and more
- Scientists produced large amounts of penicillin
- ULTRA cracked German codes and read signal traffic
- United States was their Allie, made a huge difference in the war
- Impact WWII had on the country
- Killed more people
- Cost more money
- Damaged more property
- Caused more changes in nearly every country than any other war in history
- Helped to end the Great Depression
- Cities were destroyed and demolished
United States
- Major Events
- Pearl Harbor (Dec 7, 1941)
- Hiroshima (Aug 6, 1945)
- Signed the Kellogg-Briand pact
- The Homefront
- Factories switched to military products
- Women started to work (Rosie the Riveter)
- Food rationing (Victory gardens)
- War bonds
- Japanese Americans were rounded up and put together so they could be watched
- Basic Facts
- War goals - Wanted peace, free elections in Eastern European countries, joined the U.N.
- Cost - $296 billion
- Allies - Great Britain, France and Russia
- Casualties
- 420,000 military deaths
- Why we won
- Strong military
- Rationed food
- More technology
- The homefront helped out
- Germany invading the Soviet Union
- Battle of Normandy
- Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
- More resources
- Magic - Broke and received coded messages
- Navajo code talkers - wrote and received codes
- Major Battles
- Operation Overlord
- Started June 6, 1944
- 1,200 plane assaults
- Followed by amphibious assault
- 160,000 troops
- Battle of the Bulge
- 1944
- Hitler's last major offensive
- Hitler wanted to split the allied armies in the northwest Europe
- Germany's most desperate attempt of the war
- Americans fought to fend off the troops
- American troops bought time
- Pearl Harbor
- December 7, 1941
- Naval base near Honolulu, HI
- Aerial assault on American troops
- Led the U.S. to go into war with Japan
- Battle of Okinawa
- April 1 to June 22
- Largest and last battle of the Pacific
- Casualties - Allies - 65,000 (14,000 dead)
- Casualties - Japan - 75,000
- Battle of Iwo Jima
- February 1945 - took one month to take the island
- Needed a base near the Japanese coast
- Japanese defenses - AA guns, dugouts, cave systems, underground installations
- Large amphibious assault
- Operation Overlord
- Battle Strategies
- Island hopping
- Attacking weaker points of the Nazi's first
- Placing an embargo on all trade with Japan
- Impact on the country
- Money was in surplus and people were spending a lot of it
- More women began to work
- Arms race really began
- America became a superpower
- The hunt for communists began
- Important leaders
- FDR
- US president
- Declared war on Japan
- Increased support of Britain
- Declared the four freedoms - freedom of speech and expression, religion, want and fear
- Met frequently with Winston Churchill
- Wanted to make alliances with the Soviets
- Dwight D. Eisenhower
- Stationed in the Philippines under General MacArthur - 1935-`939
- Returned after the Nazi's invaded Poland
- 1941 became a General
- George Marshall called Eisenhower to D.C.
- Headed operation Torch - North Africa
- Directed invasions in Sicily and the Italian mainland - led the fall of Rome in 1944
- George Marshall
- Was Chief of Staff
- Planned many invasions in WWII
- Was not allowed to command Normandy invasions
- Until command of Air and the Atlantic was gained an amphibious assault on Normandy seemed unlikely to succeed
- Control of the Atlantic - Mid 1943
- Control of Air - 1944
- George S. Patton
- Given command of 1st and 2nd Armoured divisions
- Organized training in the Californian Desert
- Won first American victory against the Nazi troops in the battle of El Guettar - 1943
- Turned over command in North Africa to Gen. Bradley
- Led army across Rhine River into Germany
- FDR
- How WWII Impacted the US
- World leader
- Military power
- Women kept jobs
- Unemployment dropped
- Living standard
- Marshal Plan
- Cold War
MY NOTES:
US
Home front
Victory Gardens, more food for troops and everyone else, war bonds helped our gov pay for the war, Rosie the riveter, well know one of the main women that built stuff and the popular to try and get women to go work.
How were the tides turned?
New soldiers, special soldiers, more equipment like with our allies, iron fist,a nd better equiptment.
Major battles
Pearl harbor, dday, iwo jima, battle of midway, battle of the bulge, leyte war, Okinawa
Pearl harbor- Japanese surprise attack, in hawaiii, 2500 killed, 21 destroyed or damaged ships. Dday- crappy weather, americans onutah and aomaha, heavy resistance, eneutally took it over, 9000 americans killed/ wounded, Canadians helped, and attacke juno beach also. Iwo jima- island that japan owns, us armed forces took it, heavy resistance, and 26 000 killed and 17 000 wounded. Battle of midway- naval battle, most decisice naval battle, defeated japan, turning point pacific campaign, akagi helped destroy pear harbor. Battle of bulge- last major german offensive, attempted to split allied armies, caught off caurd, densely forested ardenes, 20 000 killed, tens of thousand killed or wounded. Leyte war- like battle of miday, naval battle, destroyed much of the Japanese surface fleet, viftually ened their ability to move goods. Okinawa- last and biggest, at stake wa air bases and vital to attack on japan . Japanese held out for many weeks and 10 000 killed.
Manhattan project
Atomic bomb creations, very secretive, led by the us help form the uk and Canada, Einstein and erico femi expressed trouble with axis have this power, first one was called gadget.
Island hopping
Leapfrogging, to take over key islands, which cut off some trades, and get in reange for bombing japan
BRUNS
Allied Powers
GB, US, Russia (SU), China, France
US after WWI
Us never signed the treaty of Versailles, join the League of Nations or go back to isolation, republican warren Harding won the 1920 election, promising to return to normalcy, the us went back to focusing on America in the 1920 and 1930s.
5 power pact
Prevent armed race
9 power pact
Guaranteed Chinese independence and held the open door policy, signed by allied powers.
Neutrality in general
The acts were passed by the us in response to the issues in Europe and Asia that eventually led the WWII, they were caused by the desire to be isolationist in the us following WWI, passed to ensure that the us would not become involved in world confits, war.
WWI trade pulled us into the war
Neutrality act
Designed to last six months, banned us trade of arms and war materials with any country at war, it also declared that us citizens traveling on warring ships traveled at their own risk. Forbade all loans act 1936, 1937 lasted 2 years, had the provisions of the earlier acts this time with ought expiration date, this time it also included civil wars, us ships were prohibited for transporting any passengers or items to belligerents, us citizens were forbidden from traveling on ships of belligerent nations, a cash and carry system was set up helping countries, ships not getting sunk, and no debt.
Panay incident
Japan apologized said it was an accident, paid us money but damage was done so made a rocky relationship.
Neutrality act pf 1939
Last one, allowed for arms trade with belligerent nations of a cash do carry basis, us citizens and ships were barred from entering war zones designated by the president.
Bases for destroyers
Between the us and GB, US destroyers were given to GB in exchange for land rights for 99 years on British colonies for naval or air base
End of US neutrality- Lend lease act
The end of the neutrality of the this us cane with the lend lease act, this act allowed the us to sell lend or give war materials to nations the us wanted to support, us gave 50 billion tallied nations through the war
Russia, china and GB well over a billion dollars, land lease
Amount of stuff we were able to produce and all the aid we were able to lend countries, why we won.
U-boats- Under the sea boats
Lend Lease got rid of the cash and carry system- Like basically here is a ship, give it back after the war
Selective Training and Service act
Started the draft, required that men between the ages of 21-35 had to enlist in the war. Number put in a capsule, if your number was pick you were then drafted.
Atlantic Charter
Signed between US and GB, defended the Allie goals for the post war, war goals with GB before the end of the war, similar to Wilsons 14 points
Major Battle timeline vs japan WWII
Pearl harbor, battle of the Philippines, Doolittle’s raid, battle of the coral sea, of midway, of Guadalcanal, f sapiens, of Guam, of iwo jima, of Okinawa, Hiroshima, Nagasaki bombing- which ended the war
Japan attacked us to get us into the war
Bataan Death March- Philippines
Forced to march from one camp to the next, lack of food, heat stroke, one of the worst atrocity, 10 000 Filipino and 650 American POWs died during the march
Preparing of the invasion of Japan
Operation downfall, planned for October 1945, estimated to have over 1 mill casualties, estimated 250 000 deaths
Enola Gay
(Manhattan project- tested it in New Mexico, just under a month before we dropped the atomic bombs on japan, need a plan strong enough to carry a bomb.) The plane was called Enola Gay
Hiroshima bombing- Little boy
Radiation Sickness
Nagasaki bombing- fat man, bock scar, twice as powerful, and they were not the original target, don’t drop bomb unless you see the target, they said they had to do it because they were almost out of gas, a couple days after Japan surrendered.
VJ Day
August 14 and 15, September 2 we celebrate, official, when japan officially signed on USS Missouri
Potsdam Declaration
Leaders/ presidents met to say what would happen to japan after the war... Allies will occupy japan, consist of only the major islands, lose all territory gained in WWII and years leading up to it. Japanese military forces will be disarmed and allowed to return home. Japan refused so we dropped the bomb they didn’t the second time till after the second bomb dropped.
WWII major battles/ operations timeline vs Germany
Battle of the Atlantic- German U-boats and navy’s trying to destroy all of their supplies getting to them and they did the same to us so trying to stop transport of goods, operation torch, operation avalanche- Mussolini surrendered and ital. changed sides, northern France overfold (dday)-invasion of France June 6, 1944, dragoon- invasion of southern France, bulge- hitters last major offensive to win- successful at first but still failed, operation varsity-in Germany the west wall, military fortification with machine guns, anti-tank,
Convoy system
One ship as a sitting duck, surround them with battle ships and maybe we would loose some but not most, Germany usually used subs or large boats to get ours.
Allied Intelligence
Radar- Detects things coming in above water, planes ships; Hf/df- Underwater detection; ULTRA-/ MAGIC- knowing different code breaking secrets
- Enigma- bombe was the machine that decoded the enigma machine
- Hunter killers- ships specific to go after uboats
- Depth charges- you force them down and they explode they are bombs, mostly for subs
- DDAY- Us british candian cross over and free france from german control
- Utah and Omaha, two beaches we landed at.
Yalta conference
Agreed to establish the United Nations, Germany separated into four zones, each zone by one of each powers, free elections allowed in the sates of Eastern Europe, Russia promised to join the war against japan
Women in WWII
We can pick up the slack for men, some did the traditional job, if you want to help, don’t buy things illegally, women were nurses, securities. Women’s army core- called their women’s version of the army did fight but did work like transporting air planes etc. WAVIES- women’s navy still didn’t battle but still did jobs that needed done.
WASP- Air force, test planes transport etc.
Native Americans- really helped with the code
Tuskegee airmen- fly and bomb, proved that it was possible to bomb certain location
Asian Americans- fought in the war, if not worked in factories or farms.
Hollywood- entertainment to escape the problems of the day
Bob Hope- comedian, by 70 and 80 would have like specials on tv, best known for going over and entertaining the troops
Kilroy was here- peak at Roosevelt when he went to the bathroom
OPA- controlled the rationing, limited for 5 gal of gas per week
War bonds- investment, basically how we paid for the war, ten years later
Japanese Americans that were forced to leave their homes- Children worked, or went to school and they were all put to work but they were paid so wasn't slave labor. They did have sports
SEMESTER TEST QUESTIONS
Why the us and allies won WWI:: All the products we were able to produce, strong allies, a lot more allies than Germany did, battle strategies, ULTRA and Magic- breaking codes, invasions,
Major effects of WWI:: casualties and cost, became a world super power, cold war, Corina war, nuclear arms race, Japanese invasions, Hitlers Blitz Creeze
Comments
Well done!