March 20 (Monday)- Continued presentation notes below started a video on KIng Henry VIII
March 21 (Tuesday)- 2 hour early out. Contined video on King Henry VIII
March 22 (Wednesday)- Finished video on King Henry VIII
March 23 (Thursday)- 2 hour early out Finished Mr. Bruns presentation
March 24 (Friday)- No school
Response to Martin Luther's Theses
- Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther
- Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Edict of Worms
- Declared Luther an outlaw and heretic and ordered his works to be burned
- Prince Frederick the Wise of Saxony disobeyed the emperor and hid Luther for a year in Wart burg Castle
Peace of Augsburg
- After years of fighting between German Catholic and Lutheran (Protestant) princes, Charles V defeated the Lutheran princes
England Becomes Protestant
- England broke away for political and personal reason, unlike Luther and Germany
- King Henry VII feared that his wife Catherine of Aragon was to old to bear a son for him which would leave no male heir to the throne which would lead to a civil war
- They only had 1 child, a daughter Mary
- King Henry VIII wanted to divorce Cahterine and have is marriage annulled by the Pope, who refused to do so
Catherine of Aragon
- Daughter of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain
The Reformation Parliament
- Upset with the Pope, King Henry VIII took matters into his own hands
- King Henry VIII called Parliament into session to pass a set of laws tha ttook the Pope's power away in England
- King Henry VIII married Anne Boleyn and shortly thereafter, Parliament ok'd his divorce from Catherine
The Act of Supremacy
- Called on people of England to recognize his divorce and marriage to Anne Boleyn
- Parliament recognized King Henry VIII as the "supreme Head of the Church of England"
Anne Boleyn's Troubles
- Anne gave birth to Elizabetha nd then had 3 miscarriages
- King Henry VIII started courting Jane Seymour and had to find a way to end hi marriage to Anne
- He charged her with treason which included adultery, incest, and plotting to kill the king
- Anne was found guilty and was beheaded
Jane Seymour
- Married King Henry VIII shortly after Anne's death
- Jane did bear Henry a son- Edward
- Jane died 2 weeks later
- King Henry married 3 more times but had no more children
King Edward VI
- King Henry VIII died and each of his 3 children took the throne one after the other
- Son of Jane Seymour was first and was just nine when he took the throne and died 6 years later due to sickness
- Edward was led by a lot of advisers who were strong Protestants and thus passed a lot of laws strengthening the religion of England
Queen Mary I
- Daughter of Catherine of Aragon
- 1st queen of England
- She was Catholic who returned to the English Church to the rule of the pope
- Her efforts met with considerable resistance within England
- Mary had many Protestants executed and was called Bloody Mary as a result
Queen Elizabeth
- Restored Protestantism to England
- Parliament set up the Church of England, or Anglican Church, with Elizabeth as its head
- This was the only legal church in England
- Elizabeth did make some deals to appease both Protestant and Catholic when forming the Anglican Church
The Reformation Continues
John Calvin and Calvinism
the Anabaptists
- As more people read the bible and started interpreting the bible for themselves, more offshoots of Christianity appeared
- Believed only adults should be baptized
- The word "Anabaptists" comes from a Greek word meaning "baptize again"
- Believed in separation of church and state
- Did not believe in fighting wars
- Persecuted by both Catholic and Lutherans
- Became the forerunners of the Mennonites and the Amish
- Their teachings influenced Quakers and Baptists, groups who split from the Anglican Church
The Catholic Reformation
- Important to remember that most Europeans remained devout Roman Catholics during this time
- Jesuits were a Catholic group that focused on 3 activities
- Founded superb schools through Europe Jesuits' worked to convert non-Christians to Catholicism, so, they sent out missionaries around the world
- They worked to stop the spread of Protestantism
Council of Trent
- Church's interpretation of the Bible was final
- Any Christian who substituted his or her own interpretation was a heretic and was potentially in trouble
- Christians needed faith and good works for salvation
- They were not saved by faith alone, as Luther argued
- Bible and Church tradition were equally powerful authorities for guiding Christian life
- Indulgences were valid expressions of faith
- The false selling of indulgences was banned
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