March 14th- March 18th

Monday- Forum post leaders shared their topics

Mr. Bruns talked about the test at the end of this week

Soviet Union-

Joseph Stalin
- Lenin Dies
  - Stalin Takes over
  - Lenin didn't like Stalin
- Stalin's beliefs
  - Paranoid
  - Trust issues
  - Worried about others coming to get you
  - Purges
    - Killing
    - deporting to Siberia
  - "Cult of Personality"
  - Strengthened secret service
  - Nationalism and Collectivism
  - Industrialism
  - Five Year plans
  - Famine/ genocide- Holodomor
    - 10 million died
  - Banned Religion
    - People fought back
- WWII
  - Non- aggression pact
    - Soviets invaded
      - Lithuania
      - Finland
      - Estonia
      - Latvia
      - Poland
  - Neutrality pact
    - 1941
    - with Japan
  - Invaded Germany in 1941
    - Retreat
    - Scorched Earth
  - Russian Winter
  - Operation Barbarossa
    - Leningrad
    - Moscow
    - Stalingrad
    - Soviets work their way back
      - Push Germany back
  - Battle of Berlin
    - Soviets reach Berlin
    - Soviets take over
- Cold War
  - Liberated countries were turned communist
  - Controlled by soviets

Pearl Harbor
- Dugout Doug
  - MacArthur
    - Based in Philippines
    - Forced to leave
  - Bataan Death march
    - 10,000 Filipino's killed
- Doolittle's raid
  - 1942
  - Put together pilots
    - took off from carrier
    - bombed Japan
- Battle of Coral Sea
  - Turning point in the Pacific
  - We won
  - Stopped Japanese advance towards Australia
- Battle of Midway
  - Major turning point
  - We won
  - Destroyed Japan
  - Won because of "magic"
    - Code for Japan
    - Knew what Japan was doing

Tuesday- I was gone, I took notes from Kara Rueschenberg

The United States (continued)

Island Hopping
- Battle strategy
- There are thousands of islands in the South Pacific
- You would invade an island, take it over, hop over some islands, then take over another big island
- The islands that we hopped over would run out of supplies or die
- The purpose of island hopping was to get closer and closer to Japan
Battle of Guadalcanal and the Solomon Islands
- August 1942- February 1943
- First time US went on the offensive
- US wins
Kamikazes
- Japanese dive bombers that would fly directly into ships
- Japan started using kamikaze attacks as they were losing to try to turn the tide
- Did a lot of damage, but did not turn the tide of the war
Battle of Leyte Gulf- Philippines
- We lost the Philippines to Japan in early 1942
- 2 1/2 years after we lost the Philippines
- October 24, 1944
- Mini D-Day invasion
MacArthur's Return to the Philippines
- Upon returning to the Philippines in September 1944, MacArthur had to "re-do" his entrance because he didn't think the first time was good enough for the cameras
Iwo Jima
- February-March 1945
- We were island hopping extremely close to Japan
- Mini D-Day invasion
- There was no resistance from Japan
- We lost 6,821 at Iwo Jima
Battle of Okinawa
- April-June 1945
- We were no longer island hopping, we were in Japan
- D-Day style invasion
- US wins
Summer of 1945
- Truman is President
- Preparing for the Invasion of Japan
- We were no longer island hopping, we were in Japan
- Operation Downfall
  - Code name for the invasion of Japan
  - Planned for October, 1945
  - Estimated to have over 1 million casualties
  - Estimated to have 267,000 deaths
  - This never took place because of the atomic bombs
The Manhattan Project
- 1939-1945
- Code name for the atomic bomb project, keeping secrets from the Soviet Union
- Took place in Los Alamos, New Mexico
- Trinity Test
  - Alamogordo, New Mexico
  - July 16, 1945
  - Where we first tested the atomic bomb
- Enola Gay
  - The airplane that flew the bombs to Japan
  - Named after the pilot (Paul Tibbits) mother
- Hiroshima Bombing
  - August 7, 1945 (maybe)
  - Bomb was called the "Little Boy"
  - The city was destroyed and thousands died, but Japan didn't surrender
- Radiation Sickness
  - People were exposed to too much radiation and died of cancer
- The Atomic Shadow
  - Shadows of people's bodies were burned into the ground because the bomb was so hot
- Nagasaki Bombing
  - August 9, 1945 (maybe)
  - Bomb was called the "Fat Man"
  - Airplane that delivered it was the named "Bockscar", Chuck Sweeney was the pilot
  - Nagasaki was not the intended target, but the other cities were cloud covered
- VJ Day
  - August 14/15, 1945 (Official UK)
  - September 2, 1945 (Official for US)
  - "Victory Over Japan" Day
  - When Japan officially signed their surrender on the USS Missouri

Wednesday-

Mr. Bruns continued presenting

United States War with Japan

Germany
- Operation Torch
  - Allied landing in Morocco and Algeria
  - 10 months
  - Move into Italy
  - eventually France
- The German Westwall- Siegfried Line
  - Similar to french wall
  - Slowed down military advances
- U-Boats
  - FDR warned naval ships
  - Wanted to shoot Nazi U-Boats
  - America begins building more boats
  - Production overdoes the sunken ships
  - Convoy System
    - Go in large groups
    - Intelligence
      - US intelligence was great
      - We could intercept and decipher German and Japanese code
      - Radar
        Detects planes and submarines
      - HF/DF
        Used to locate the source of enemy radio transmissions such as submarines
      - ULTRA MAGIC
        "Special intelligence"
  - Hunter-Killers
    - Going after U-Boats
    - Airplanes and ships
    - Depth Charges
  - Dwight Eisenhower and D-Day
    - Supreme allied commander in WWII
    - June 6, 1944
    - Day of Days
    - Cross English channel invasion by allied powers
      - Wanted to recapture from Germany
    - Ike, Patton and Bradley
      - Famous generals from D-Day
    - Facts-
      - 156,000 allied troops
      - 1465 killed from US
      - 9,000 German casualties
      - Paris was liberated on August 25th
      - Germany surrendered on May 8th

Thursday- I was gone but I got my notes from Kara Rueschenberg

The United States (War with Germany)(continued)

Battle of the Bulge
- Called "Battle of the Bulge" because there was a bulge in the front line
- The coldest, snowiest weather "in memory" in the Ardennes Forest on the German/Belgium border
- Over a million men, 500,000 Germans, 600,000 Americans (more than fought at Gettysburg) and 55,000 British
- 100,000 German casualties, killed, wounded, or captured
- 81,000 American casualties, including 23.554 captured and 19,000 killed
- 1,400 British casualties, 200 killed
- 800 tanks lost on each side, 1,000 German aircraft
- The Malmedy Massacre, where 86 American soldiers were murdered, was the worst atrocity committed against American troops during the course of the war in Europe
- The Battle of the Bulge was the worst battle- in terms of losses- to the American Forces in WWII
Yalta Conference
- February 1945
- Before the end of WWII, Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt met at Yalta, USSR, to plan what should happen when the war ended
- They agreed on the following:
  - 1. The establishment of the United Nations (replacement of the League of Nations)
  - 2. Germany to be divided into four zones
  - 3. Free elections allowed in the states of eastern Europe
  - 4. Russia promised to join the war against Japan
V-E Day
- May 8, 1945
- "Victory in Europe Day"
April 12, 1945
- FDR dies, Harry Truman is sworn in
- Truman was FDR's vice president for about a month until April 12 when he had to take over
Women in WWII
- Women:
  - worked in factories
  - took care of homes and kids
  - planted gardens and canned food
  - were nurses
  - Other jobs:
    - farm workers
    - typists
    - salespeople
    - bus drivers
    - taxi drivers
    - waitresses
    - teachers
    - landscapers
- Rosie the Riveter
  - represented women workers in WWII
- Women's Army Corps
  - Cartography
- WAVES
  - Women's Navy
  - Telephone operators
  - Secretaries
- WASP
  - Women's Army Service Pilots
Navajo Code Talkers
- These Native Americans used codes for us
- Japanese didn't know the Navajo language
- No one outside of the Navajo knew this language
African Americans in WWII
- Were segregated
- All-black units
- Weren't respected
- Were janitors or cooks, weren't respected
- Tuskegee Institute/Airmen
  - African American airmen
  - Were great pilots
- Asian Americans in WWII
  - Men fought
  - Women worked
- Hollywood in WWII
  - Made propaganda movies
  - Didn't tell the true story
  - Made Germany and Japan look terrible and make the US look awesome
  - Bob Hope
    - Was a famous comedian that went around and entertained the troops
  - Bing Crosby
    - Famous musician
  - John Wayne
    - Famous actor
OPA and Rationing
- The Office of Price Administration was established in 1941 to administer price controls
- Food rationing included restrictions on sugar and meat; clothing rationing restricted silk and nylon
- Gasoline rationing began in May 1942 limiting use to five gallons per week
- By the end of 1942, half of the nation's automobiles were issued an A sticker, allowing 4 gallons per week
- The other half of automobiles had either a B sticker (supplementary allowance for war workers) or a C sticker (vital occupation such as doctor)
- Truckers had a T sticker for unlimited amounts
- A black market developed in stolen or conterfeit stickers that were used in 5-30% of gasoline sales
- By 1945, there were 32,500 motorists arrested for using such false stickers, 1300 convictions, 4000 gas stations closed

Friday-

Mr. Bruns continued presenting

WWII
- War production board
  - encourage people to work hard
  - "smoke gets in their eyes"
- War Finance
  - Helped pay for the war
  - $185 billion bought in war bonds
  - As low as $18.75
- Japanese internment camps
  - Japanese Americans were put into work camps
  - Forced to live there
  - Had to sell everything
  - kids went to school at the camps
  - Bill Clinton's letter
    - Wrote to Japanese Americans
    - Apologizing for WWII

Mr. Bruns went over the Semester Test questions

Blogs

March 14th- March 18th

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