Monday- notes
Tuesday- notes
Wednesday- notes
Thursday- notes
Friday- notes
Soviet Union
- Nationalization- process of government taking over businesses, you no longer own it
- Collectivization- government takes over the farms, you no longer own it
Cold War
United States Continued
- Backdoor to War Conspiracy
- Roosevelt wanted to get to war with Germany
- Couldn't go through the "front door"
- Go through Japan to the "backdoor"
- December 7, 1941- Japan attacks the Philippines
- Bataan Death March
- forced from one slave labor camp to another slave labor camp
- Up 10,000 Filipino and 650 American Prison of War deaths during march
- Bataan Death March
- Doolittle's Raid-April, 1942
- We need to hit them like they hit us
- First "victory" for the US
- Moral booster for us
- Small bombing campaign
- First "positive" that came out of the war
- **Battle of Coral Sea- May 1942
- Stalemate
- We did not win, Japan did not win
- We feel we won because Japan did not win
- Japan didn't get to Australia
- They bombed Australia but never invaded
- Battle of Midway- June 1942
- Airstrips
- Moving our way closer to Japan
- Destroyed Japan
- Japan was never the same again
- Sunk a lot of their ships and aircraft
- We won because of magic
- We knew when, where, how this attack was happening
- Broke their code
- Guadalcanal- August 1942
- Island hopping is hopping from one island to the next
- Kamikazes
- suicide planes used by Japan
- strapped explosives onto a plane, dive into a ship causing it to explode
- did a lot of damage
- killing their own pilots and their own planes
- we started bombing Japan every single day
- Battle of Leyte Gulf
- Japan's navy was done
- Massively destroyed
- MacArthur's Return to the Philippines
- Iwo Jima- Feb/March, 1945
- appeared to be a battle where Japanese would leave
- we had been bombarding for weeks
- invaded before the battle to weaken the Japanese
- one of the bloodiest battles in WWII
- 6,821 deaths for US
- flag raising on Mt. Suribachi
- won by US
- Japanese Island of Okinawa- April-June, 1945
- Summer 1945- preparing for Invasion of Japan
- Operation Downfall
- Planned for October, 1945
- Estimated to have over 1 million US casualties
- Estimated to have 267,000 US deaths
- never took place because of atomic bombs
- **The Manhattan Project
- 1939-1945
- plan for the atomic bomb
- Trinity Test- July 16, 1945
- Explosion was hotter than the sun
- Had to wait several days before going to the site to check it out
- Enola Gay
- name of the airplane
- carried the bombs
- Paul Tibbits drove the plane
- Hiroshima Bombing
- "Little Boy"
- Uranium 235
- this bomb exploded
- Nagasaki Bombing
- "Fat Man"
- Plutonium bomb
- this bomb imploded
- VJ Day
- August 14/15, 1945 (Official UK)
- September 2, 1945 (Official for US)
- When Japan officially signed on USS Missouri
- Potsdam Conference- July, 1945
- On July 26, the US, GB, and China issued the Potsdam Declaration
- Announced the terms for Japan's surrender
- "We will not deviate from them. There are no alternatives."
- Dismantle the current government of Japan (excluding Emperor Hirohito)
- The Allies (US) will occupy Japan
- Japan will consist only of the major islands (Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku). It will lose all territory gained in WWII and years leading up to it
- Japanese military forces will be disarmed and allowed to return home
- There will be war crimes trials for the atrocities committed by Japan throughout WWII
- Democracy will be promoted as well as Freedom of speech, religion, and of thought, as well as respect for fundamental human rights (Universal Declaration of Human Rights- 1948)
- Japan will be allowed to have industry so they can make money to pay for reparations. World trade will also be enabled at some point
- Allied (US) occupation of Japan (1945-1952) will end once Japan accomplishes all the above points
- "We call upon the government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all Japanese armed forces, and to provide proper and adequate assurances of their good faith in such action. The alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction." -President Harry Truman
WWII Major Battle/Operations Timeline Vs Germany
- German U-Boats
- After repeated attacks by German U-Boats on U.S. ships in the fall of 1941, Roosevelt ordered the US Navy to attack German and Italian war ships in the "waters which we deem necessary for our defense
- **Convoy System
- Allied Intelligence
- Churchill and Roosevelt knew the importance of intelligence in safeguarding Allied commerce to defeat the Axis powers
- Allies shared information from RADAR and High Frequency Radio Direction Finding
- RADAR provided a means of detection vessels and aircraft above the surface
- HF/DF was used to locate the sources of enemy radio transmissions such as submarines
- ULTRA was code name for the intercepting the information and deciphering German military code
- MAGIC was the process of intercepting and deciphering Japanese military code
- Enigma
- system in which Germany transferred their information through codes
- solving the Enigma system remains one of the great Allied triumphs of WWII
- looks like a typewriter
- Bombe
- Hunter-Killers
- Depth Charges
- force it underwater and then it explodes
- Depth Charges
- Dwight Eisenhower
- Supreme Allied commander during the D-Day invasion
- Eventually president
- 3rd in command
- D-Day - Operation Overlord - June 6, 1944
- Ike (Dwight Eisenhower), Patton, and Bradley
- June 6, 1944
- D stands for "day" since the final invasion date was unknown and weather dependent
- Omaha was the costliest beach
- 6,000 casualties (1500 killed)
- Bernard Law Montgomery (UK)
- Erwin Rommel (Germany)
- By June 11, the beachheads were firmly secured
- More than 326,000 troops had crossed with more than 100,000 tons of military equipment
- Paris was liberation on August 25
- Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945
- Battle of the Bulge
- Coldest, snowiest weather "in memory"
- Worst battle we fought in
- Malmedy Massacre, 86 American soldiers were murdered after we surrendered, was the worst atrocity committed against American troops during the course of war in Europe
- Hitler's last major offensive
- 5-6 months before the war ended
- Hitler hoped to try to win by getting to the water
- Yalta Conference Feb 1945
- Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt met at Yalta, USSR to plan what should happen when the war ended
- Agreed on following:
- Establishment of the United Nations
- Germany to be divided into 4 zones
- Free elections allowed in the states of eastern Europe
- USSR promised to join the war against Japan
- V-E Day May 8, 1945
- Victory day in Europe
- FDR dies, Harry Truman is sworn in- April 12, 1945
- Women in WWII
- Rosie the Riveter
- represented women workers in WWII
- Grow your own food, be self sufficient
- Nurses were extremely important
- don't get much credit
- Secretaries
- Farm workers
- Sales
- Bus Drivers
- Waitresses
- Elevator Operators
- Teachers
- Conductors
- Taxi Drivers
- Rosie the Riveter
- War Jobs
- Cartography
- Photography
- Secretaries
- Telephone Operators
- WASP
- Women's Army Service Pilots
- "Tokyo Rose" Iva Toguri
- Forced to broadcast propaganda to the Allied troops for Japan
- In these radio programs, she taunted the troops and played music from home
- US citizen from Japan
- Charged with Treason after the war
- Navajo Code Talkers
- Unwritten language only spoken by the Navajo in the US
- Used their language to put our language into
- Never broke our code
- African Americans in WWII
- Black troops were segregated from the white troops
- Blacks would fight in the War (Tuskegee Airmen)
- Asian Americans in WWII
- Helped at home
- Fought in the war
- Bob Hope and the USO (United Service Organizations) Tour
- Bing Crosby- sang to troops
- John Wayne- famous actor
- Kilroy Engraving on the WWII Memorial in DC
- OPA and Rationing
- Office of Price Administration was established in 1941 under to administrator price control
- Food rationing included restrictions on sugar and meat; clothing rationing restricted silk and nylon
- Gasoline rationing began in May 1942 limiting use to five gallons per week
- By the end of 1942, half of the nation's automobiles were issued an A sticker, allowing 4 gallons per week
- The other half of automobiles had either a B sticker (supplementary allowance for war workers) or a C sticker (vital occupation such as doctor)
- Truckers had a T sticker for unlimited amounts
- A black market developed in stolen or counterfeit stickers that were used in 5-30% of gasoline sales
- By 1945, there were 32,500 motorists arrested for using such false stickers
- War Production Board
- Encouraged people to bust your tail
- Don't waste time
- Made more than every other country combined
- Don't be lackadaisical
- War Finance Committee and War Boards
- Over the course of the war, 85 million Americans purchased bonds totaling approximately $185 billion
- Helped pay for the war
- It was an investment for US citizens
- As low as $18.75 per bond
- Ten years later gov't paid out $25
- Japanese Internment Camps
- Forced to sell what they had
- Except what could fit in a bag
- Had to move to desert areas
- Worked
- Sports for high school kids
- Civil Liberties Act
- Apologized to groups of people that we hurt
- Government gave them money
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