Results of the War: In may, 1941, Germany decided to focus on attacking British ships and ports and thus stopped attacking cities. British loses- around 40,000 people dead and 46,000-139,000 injured. German losses- 3,363 aircrew and 2,265 aircraft, Britain won by the fact that Germany did not achieve their goals.
German Invasion of USSR- June, 1941 - Final plan for Operation Barbarossa.
Scorched Earth Policy - Stalin demanded this of the Soviet troops as they retreated. What is this? The Soviet troops burned everything they couldn't take with them so that the Russians couldn't have it.
Battle for Moscow - The Soviet Winter Counteroffensive December 6, 1941 - April 30, 1942. The Russian winter sets in and make is a huge turning point in the war.
Battle of Stalingrad - lasted August 1942 - February 1943
Siege of Leningrad - On August 30th 1941, the Germans took over Leningrad's railroads, cutting them off from the rest of Russia and the world. Unlike the Battle of Stalingrad, the Germans surrounded the city to starve the city into submission. Between November 1941 and October 1942, 641,000 people died of starvation. People resorted to eating rats, wallpaper paste, and some resorted to cannibalism. A successful Russian counter-offensive at Stalingrad forced the Germans to move troops there and eventually, the siege failed.
The North African Campaign - June 1940 - May 1943. Gen. Bernard Montgomery ("Monty"). Gen. Erwin Rommel The "Desert Fox".
Operation Torch - November 1942 - US and British forces invade North Africa. by May, 1943, Axis forces surrendered in North Africa. The campaign would now shift to the islands in the Mediterranean Sea and Italy.
D-Day (June 6, 1944) - England and Great Britain cross the English Channel and invade France. A little further up there's a place closest to Great Britain and they threw out fake info. and a fake army. Hitler got it and believed that the fight was coming to them. There were balloons and Hitler moved the army from one area to another. The invasion was supposed to be a couple days earlier because of weather. The invasion was in France.
July 20, 1944 Assassination Plot - Major Claus von Stauffenberg
V-E Day (May 8, 1945) - The war ends
THE HOLOCAUST - The genocide of approximately six million European Jews. A program of systematic state-sponsered extermination by Nazi Germany throughout Nazi-occupied territory. Approximately two-thirds of the population of nine million Jews who had lived in Europe before the Holocaust died. Some say that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the Nazis' killing of millions of people in other group from Germany and other occupied territory. By this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims would be between 11 million and 17 million people.
What is Genocide? - Any of the following acts are committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, such as: Killing members of the group, causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group, deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part, imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group, forcibly transferriing children of the group to another group. Member Countries must "undertake to prevent and punish."
What is the Aryan Race - Nazis used term to refer to a so-called master race that originated around Germany. Perfect Aryan was blonde, blue-eyed, tall and muscular. The original term refers to a people speaking a Indo-European dialect.
Who was Inferior According to Hitler - Jews (6 million dead), Gypsies (500,000 to 1.5 million), Mentally/physically handicapped people (75,000 to 250,000), Poles (2.5 miilion dead), Homosexuals (5 - 15 thousand dead), Communists/socialists (death and forced sterilization), Mixed races - "The mulatto children came about through rape or the white mother was a whore [prostitute]," Adolf Hitler. Jehovah's Witnesses (2,500 to 5,000)
Lebensborn - Fount of Life - The program aimed to promote the growth of "superior" Aryan population by providing excellent health care and living conditions to women and by restricting access to those deemed "fit". Houses were set up throughout Germany and many occupied territories. Many Lebensborn children were born to unwed mothers which helped lead to many rumors of rape. Contrary to widespread rumors, women were not forced to have relations with Aryan Germans.
Hitler's Jewish Question - 1933 - Nazis "temporarily" suspend civil liberties for all citizens in 1933- never restored. The Nazis set up the first concentration camp at Dacau in 1933. The first inmates are 200 Communists. Jews are prohibited from working as civil servants, doctors in the National Health Service, and teachers in public high schools. Most Jewish students are banned from public high schools and colleges.
Nuremburg Laws 1935 - Took away German citizenship from Jews thus making Jews second class citizens by removing their basic civil rights. Established membership in the Jewish race as being anyone who either considered themselves Jewish or had three or four Jewish grandparents. People with one or two Jewish grandparents were considered to be a mixed race - eventually anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent was at risk in Nazi Germany. Jews could marry only Jews. No sexual relations between non-Jewish Germans and Jews.
1936 - Nazis boycott Jewish-owned businesses.
Kristallnacht- 1938 "Night of the Broken Glass" - Nazis went into Jewish towns and break the glass, burn the synagogues, and destroy businesses. 101 synagogues were destroyed and almost 7,500 Jewish businesses were destroyed. 26,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps.
1938-Cont. - All Jewish children are expelled from public schools in Germany and Austria. Nazis take control of Jewish-owned businesses.
Hitler's Final Solution - Genocide
1939 - Hitler orders the systematic murder of the mentally and physically disabled in Germany and Austria. Jews are required to wear armbands or yellow stars.
1940 - Nazis begin deporting German Jews to Poland. Jews are forced into ghettos - only Jews went there so that nobody could see what was being done to them. Nazis begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland.
1941 - Jews throughout Eastern Europe are forced into ghettos. In 2 days, German units shoot 33,771 Ukrainian Jews at BabiYar.
1942 - Nazi officials announce "Final Solution" - their plan to kill all European Jews. 5 death camps begin operation in Poland: Majdanek, Sobibor, Treblinka, Belzec, and Auschwitz-Birkenau.
1943 - Jews in the Warshaw Ghettos resist as the Nazis begin new rounds of deportations. These Jews hold out for nearly a month before the Nazis put down the uprising,
1944 - not much to say here
1945 - Hitler is defeated and World War II ends in Europe. The Holocaust is over and the death camps are found emptied. Many survivors were placed in displaced persons camp until they find a country willing to accept them.
Displaced Persons Camps - Austria/Germany/Italy - places where Holocaust survivors would go in order to get nursed back to health and find a country that would let them in. Some 850,000 people lived in Displaced Persons camps across Europe.
1947 - The United Nations establishes a Jewish homeland in British-controlled Palestine, which becomes the State of Israel in 1948.
Italy's WWII Story - Benito Mussolini-II Duce (1919-1945) - Got in trouble for stabbing a kid in elemantary school in the hand with a pencil. Wanted to become an school teacher.
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