March 12-19

Monday- Took Notes.

Tuesday- Took more notes

Wednesday- Notes

Thursday- Notes

Friday- Notes

Germany

Treaty of Versailles
- anger throughout Germany
- force
Hitler
- appointed chancellor
- struggled in school
- leader of Nazi party
- attempted to over through the government
  - prison for 5 years
    - served 9 months
      - wrote Mien Kampf
- Took over Austria
- Drops out of league of nations
- rearms Germany
- Munich conference
  - appeasement
    - Hitler gets Sudetenland
    - lither said he wouldn't take over any more territories
      - he lied
    - Churchill opposed appeasement
- Hitler takes over Czechoslovakia
- non-aggression pact
  - soviets and Germans agreed not to attack
  - Russia gave raw materials to Germany in exchange for money and weapons
  - agreed to stay neutral if other entered war
How the world reacted to Poland being attacked
- Poland was scared
- World was shocked
- Hitler though it would force great Britian and France to back out of promise
  - they attacked
Blitzkrieg-lightening video
- air force attacks enemy at
  - front line and rear positions
  - roads
  - airfields
  - communication
- tanks attack
  - mainlines of defense
  - advance deeper into enemy territory
- infantry invades from Germany into Poland
Sitzkrieg
- sitting war
- phony war
battle of Britain
- Nazi goals of battle of Britain
  - destroy royal air force
  - attack British navy
  - attack troops
  - once Germany was in control of air, invasion would begin
  - Germany never succeeded in destroying royal airforce
    - German bombers did poorly
    - great Britain had good radar and ultra
- results
  - Germany decided to focus on attacking British shops and ports and thus stopped attacking cities
  - British losses
    - 40,000 civilians
    - 46,000-139,000 injured
  - German loses
    - 3,363 air
German invasion of USSR
- Operation Barbarossa
  - code name for invasion of soviet union
- Hitler thought that if he got 3 certain cities, they would win
  - Stalingrad
    - around 2 million casualties
  - Leningrad
    - Germans took Leningrad railroads
      - they were cut off from the rest of Russia
    - Germans surrounded city to starve people into submission
      - 641,000 people died of starvation in a year
    - eventually Germany resources became drained and soviets gained control
  - Moscow
    - Russian winter sets in and make is a huge turning point
    - Germany never got Moscow
- Scorched Earth Policy
  - destroy everything as you pass so enemy can't use it
- Russian winter was very hard on Germans?
North African Campaign
- lasted 3 yrs
- fought mainly in dessert
  - Liberia/Algeria area
Operation Torch/Italian cattleman of Sicily
- invasion of Italy
- George Patton leads Americans
- Germans trapped in Tunisia
  - surrendered 275,000 troops
allies liberate Rome
D-day
- operation overlord
- stands for day of days
- Germany started to develop Atlantic wall throughout WWII
  - guard against an allied invasion if Europe
    - Hitler ordered laying of mines/barbed wire
    - stretch from France to Norway
- us British Canadian invasion of France
  - we took over our ally (France) because Germany had taken control of France
- we tricked Hitler with balloons shaped like tanks/airplanes that we were going to invade one way, but ended up going the other
several attempts to kill Hitler
- he didn't think clearly
- had Parkinson disease
liberation of Paris
- Paris was freed around 2 months after d-day
battle of the bulge
- Nazis launch massive offensive against us
  - goal to get to sea
  - circle back around capture troops
  - take back territory
soviets and US meet at Elbe river in Germany
- soon become enemies
Hitler commits suicide
- married day before
- both committed suicide
  - cyanide
  - pistols
V-Day Holocaust
- victory day for allies
- may 8 1945
- genocide of about 6 million Jews a program of systematic state-sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany
  - 2/3=66%
- total holocaust victims were about 11-17 million what is Aryan race
  - Jews
  - Gypsies
    - Prefer to be called Roma
    - Came from Asia
    - Stole
  - Handicapped
    - Mentally
    - Disabled
  - soviet/slaves/POW's/troops
  - Poles
    - Poland people
  - Homosexuals
  - communists/socialists
  - dark skinned
    - Africans
  - mixed races
  - Jehovah witnesses
- - blonde, blue eyed, tall and muscular
Holocaust
- Nuremberg Law 1935
  - Took away German citizenship from Jews second class citizens by removing their basic Civil Rights
  - Established membership in the Jewish race as being anyone who either considered themselves Jewish or had three or four Jewish grandparents. People with one or two Jewish grandparents were considered to be mixed race.
    - eventually anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent was at risk in Nazi Germany
  - Jews could only marry Jews
  - No sexual relations between non-Jewish Germans and Jews
- 1936
  - Nazis boycott Jewish-owned businesses
- Kristallnacht- 1938 "Night of the Broken Glass
  - On the nights of November 9 and 10, 1938, the Nazis roamed through Jewish neighborhoods breaking windows of Jewish businesses and homes, burning synagogues and looting.
  - In all, 101 synagogues were destroyed and almost 7,500 Jewish businesses were destroyed.
  - 26,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps.
  - Jews were physically attacked and beaten and 91 died in the attack.
- 1938
  - All Jewish Children are expelled from the public Schools in Germany in Austria
  - Nazis take control of Jewish- owned businesses
- Genocide
  - Genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part , a nation, ethical, racial, or religious group such as
    - killing members of the group
    - causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group
    - Deliberately inflicting on the group of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or part
    - imposing measures intended to prevent births
    - forcibly transferring children to another group
  - * Member Countries MUST "undertake ti prevent and punish
  - Sources -US Holocaust Memorial Museum
- 1939
  - Hitler orders the systematic murder of the mentally and physical disabled in Germany and Austria
  - Jews are required to wear armbands or yellow stars
- 1940
  - Nazis begin deporting German Jews to Poland
  - Jews are forced into the ghettos
  - Nazis begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland
- 1941
  - Jews throughout Eastern Europe are forced into ghettos
  - In two days, Ger,am units shoot 33,771 Ukrainian Jews at BabiYar- the largest single massacre of the Holocaust
  - The death camp at Chelmno in Poland begins murdering Jews
- 1942
  - Nazi officials announce "Final Solution"- their plan to kill all European Jews
  - Five death camps begin operation in Poland: Majdanek, Sobibor, Treblinka, Belzec and Auschwitz- Birknau
  - Ghettos of Eastern Europe are being emptied as thousands of Jews are shipped to Death camps
  - The United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union acknowledge that Germans are exterminating the Jews of Europe
- 1943
  - Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto resist as the Nazis begin new rounds of deportations. These Jews hold out for nearly a month before the Nazis put down the uprising
- 1944
  - Hitler takes over Hungary and begins deporting Hungarian Jews each day to Auschwitz where they are murdered
- 1945
  - Hitler is defeated and WWII end in Europe
  - The Holocaust is over and the death camps are found emptied
  - Many survivors are placed in displaced persons camp until they find a country willing to accept them.
- 1947
  - The United Nations establishes a Jewish homeland in British controlled Palestine, Which becomes the State of Israel in 1948

JAPAN NOTES

Areas Controlled by Japan
- Hong Kong
- Thailand
- Philippines
- Malaya
- North Borneo
Areas Attacked but Not Conquered
- Air raids on Australia
  - Broome
  - Darwin
  - Newcastle
  - Sydney
- British Columbia
- Kohima and Manipur
- Colombo
- Dornod
- US
  - Santa Barbra
  - Pearl Harbor
  - Midway Atoll
  - Fort Stevens
Japan in the 1920's
- Joined the League of Nations
- Signed the 4,5,9 Power Pacts
  - 4 Power Pact- Us, GB,France and Japan would respect each other's possessions in the Pacific
  - 5 Power Pact- US,GB, France, Italy, and Japan would limit naval size
  - 9 Power Pact- Pact-US, GB, France, Italy, Japan, Belgium, Netherlands,
    Portugal and China agree to the Open Door Policy and guarantee
    Chinese independence
  - Signed the Kellogg -Briand Pact
Japanese Invasion of Manchuria
- The League of Nations condemned the action but could not enforce its authority as it had not military force
- The message sent to aggressive countries was the major power could get away with using force because Great Britain and France did not want war
- Japan dropped out of the League of Nations shortly after the invasion
Rape of Nanking- Late 1937- Early 1938
- A mass killing of Chinese people (up to 300,000)
- Mass raping of Chinese women and girls
- Moss looting and arson
- Some in Japan have denied that the Military killed Civilians for no reason
- Still causes tension between the two countries today
- There were war crimes trial after the war to try Japanese soldiers for participation
Axis Powers
- Main Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan
- Other Powers: Albania, Bulgaria, Finland, Romania, Thailand, and Hungary
Soviet- Japanese Neutrality Pact
- Th USSR and Japan signed an agreement to not fight one another in April, 1941
- Japan considered breaking this once Germany their ally
- The USSR broke this treaty when they declared war on Japan in August 9, 1941
Japanese Leaders
- Hideki Tojo
- Emperor Hirohito
- Admiral Yamamoto
The Road to Pearl harbor
- Why did Japan Attack Pearl Harbor
  - After Japan invade French Indochina in 1940, US stopped trading with Japan
  - Japan signed the Soviet- Japanese Neutrality Pact in April 1941 guaranteeing that Japan and USSR would not go to war
  - Japan realized they need US trade to be successful in the war
  - Only way to force Us' hand was to hit them hard in a surprise attack forcing them out of the war
  - Japan knew that this plan was a huge risk, but thought it was the only way to defeat the US
  - Plan backfired, Instead Japan "awoke a sleeping Giant"
Kamikazes
- Strategy- fight to the death
- Fill plane with explosives
- Dive bomb ships blowing them up
Summer 1945- Preparing for the Invasion of Japan
- Operation Downfall
- Planned for October 1945
- Estimated to have over 1 million casualties
- Estimated to have 267,000 deaths
- NEVER HAPPENED
VJ Day
- August 14/15 1945 (Official UK)
- September 2, 1945 (Official for US)
- When Japan officially signed on USS Missouri
Potsdam Conference- July 1945
- Dismantle the current government of Japan (excluding Emperor Hirohito)
- The Allies (US) will occupy Japan
- Japanese military forces will be disarmed and allowed to return home
- There will be war crimes trials for the atrocities committed by Japan through WWII
- Democracy will be promoted as well as most freedoms
- Japan will be allowed to have industry so they can make money to pay for reparations
- World trade will be enabled
- Allied Occupation of Japan will end once accomplishes all the above points

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March 12-19

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