Treaty of Versailles.
What was it? treaty that ended WW1
Who was there? Wilson, US, Great Britain, France, and Italy.
Major points of it? 14 points of Wilson..
Austria- Hungary was affected a lot. Yugoslavia, Poland, and Finland were created after WW1.
What the treaty did to Germany- territorial loss.. lost land to France, Denmark, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Belgium. Lost their colonies over seas. Germany's army was reduced to 100,000 men and the army wasn't allowed tanks. No air force, allowed only 6 capital naval ships and no submarines. France wanted Rhineland to become a country so that if Germany tried to attack France, they would know about it before.. but it never became a country and Germany wasn't allowed troops there. Germany had to pay 33 billion dollars to France and Great Britain. They weren't allowed to join with Austria. Germany had to admit for full responsibility for starting the war. Failure.
League of Nations was set up to keep world peace.
What did the US do with it? We never signed the Treaty of Versailles. Congress was concerned about always being in European wars if we were part of the league of nations. They thought league of nations was going to be their government and be able to tell them when they could go to war. We signed a separate peace agreement ending the war.
at happened in the 1920's to promote peace, reduce military, and find a way to end all wars
League of Nations- 1st peace attempt of 1920’s
Started by Woodrow Wilson
intergovernmental organisation which was a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War
Goal was to maintain world peace
Settled International debates through negotiation but not through fighting
The most members it ever had was 58
The U.S. never actually joined the league
The league ultimately failed because the axis powers broke away from the league and it failed to do the only thing it was designed to do which was to prevent WW2
League to Enforce Peace
was an American organization established in 1915 to promote the formation of an international body for world peace. It was formed in New York City by American citizens concerned by the outbreak of World War I in Europe.
aimed at creating public awareness through magazine articles and speeches
combined support for the American War effort
presented its plans for an international organization to respond to any nation that would follow a course like that of German militarism
believed American participation was more important than the exact nature of the organization
Support for the LEP dissolved and it ceased operations by 1923
Washington Conference of 1921-1922
the principal naval powers agreed to limit their navy to the agreed ratio
military conference called by President Warren G. Harding
held in Washington
12 November 1921 to 6 February 1922
conducted under authority of League of Nations
attended by nine nations—
U.S., Japan,China, France, Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, & Portugal - Soviet Union was not invited
regarding interests in the Pacific Ocean and East Asia
resulted in 3 major treaties
Four-Power Treaty- between U.S., Great Britain, France, Japan, terminated the Anglo-Japanese Alliance of 1902 and made the countries maintain the pacific ocean boundaries. (for trade and such)
Five-Power treaty- (Washington Naval Treaty)- limit naval power and size for the countries that won WWI, limited the construction of battleships, battlecruisers and aircraft carriers.
Nine-Power treaty-China and the United States, Great Britain, Japan, Italy, France, Belgium, Portugal, & Netherlands, they agreed to leave china independent as long as China agrees to the Open Door Policy (countries can trade with China)
The Locarno Conference of 1925
signed a treaty that ensured the German-French boundary
Germany and Poland came to an agreement
Locarno contributed to the worsening of the atmosphere between Poland and France and introduced distrust between Poland and Western countries
The principal treaty concluded at Locarno was the "Rhineland Pact" between Germany, France, Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Italy. The first three signatories undertook not to attack each other, with the latter two acting as guarantors. In the event of aggression by any of the first three states against another, all other parties were to assist the country
under attack.
Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928
63 countries ( all Great Powers except USSR)
they rejected war and pledged to solve their disputes “by pacific means” (peacefully)
London Naval Conference- 2nd-January 21 to April 22, 1930
revolved around the agreement of the Five-Power Treaty (see above)
UK, USA, France, Italy and Japan attended
change was in battleship tonnage, altering the ratio between Britain, the US and Japan from 5:5:3 to 10:10:7
All five agreed to a five-year halt on capital ship construction, tighter controls on submarine warfare, and to keep the limits on aircraft carriers signed in the Washington Naval Treaty
Alsace and Lorraine were returned to France.
German colonies were assigned to victorious nations as ”mandates” under the League of Nations.
The Saar Basin was assigned to France for 15 years, then a plebiscite was to be held to determine the area`s allegiance.
Poland was reestablished as an independent nation and granted access to the sea through a strip of land that came to be known as the Polish Corridor.
The amount of German reparations was to be determined by a Reparations Commission.
Germany was forced to accept responsibility for all losses and damages in the conflict in what was termed the "war guilt clause" (Article 231).
Germany was required to disarm, specifically:
The drafting of military personnel as prohibited.
Invasion of China:
Nanking Massacre - 1937 Mass murder and mass raping on the chinese by the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese war, Nanking (actually spelled Nanjing) was a republic of China.
Manchuria- In 1931 an incident in the Chinese province of Manchuria led to the Japanese invasion which was completed by early 1932. The puppet state of Manchukuo was declared. By then Japanese forces had taken control of the Shanghai area in further fighting.
Peking- 1937 - July - Further incidents in China this time near Peking, led to Japan extending its hold over northeastern China. Major warships completed included Japanese carrier "Soryu".
1938 - By the end of 1938, Japan had completed its hold over northeastern China and the major port areas.
With its possession of the Chinese ports, Japan wanted to close the remaining entry points into China.
http://www.naval-history.net/WW2CampaignsJapConquests.htm
Russo-Japanese War:
Russia wanted a warm water port so they attacked Asia.
Five Year Neutrality Pact between Japan and Russia benefited both powers. Russia could free troops for Europe and Japan concentrate on her expansion southwards.
Japan won surprisingly.
The war was fought on the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden and around the seas of Japan and Korea.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War
Invasion of French Indochina:
In September 1940, the Japanese occupied Vichy, French Indochina in order to prevent the Republic of China from importing arms and fuel through the French Indochina.
To prepare for an invasion of the Dutch East Indies, some 140,000 Japanese troops invaded southern Indochina on 28 July 1941. Japanese forces remained in Indochina until the end of WW2.
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