Great Britain
Great Britain signed pact with Poland, Germany invaded Poland in 1939, Neville Chamberlain, Prime minister of Great Britain during WW1, wanted peace, died, Churchill took over as Prime Minister, Appeasement- Gave land in order to keep peace with Hitler, Churchill spoke out against Hitler, Died at age 90, Churchill brought peace after WWII, Clement Attlee Born in 1883, became Prime Minister after Churchill at the end of WWII,
Great Britain's War Goals- To take out Germany and Japan, 400,000 military casualties, 90,000 civilians, Germans Bombed and destroyed British buildings, severe cutbacks on trade, rationed food, Kids were labeled as luggage, and separated from parents, moved to country,
Battle Strategies- Great Britain had radar, also had Ultra which was deciphering German code, planned to bomb France to destroy the main force of German Army, Battle of Britain- 1700 Luftwaffe planes destroyed, Used to bomb Great Britain, Luftwaffe never recovered to bomb Great Britain again, the invasion of Great Britain never happened, D-Day- Invading Normandy, France, June 6th 1944, Bernard Montgomery- ranked as field marshall, He was in command of all allied ground forces during Operation Overlord, US ally with Great Britain was a large reason that they weren't defeated,
Inner War Years- Signed Kellog Brand, 4 power pact, 5 power pact, 9 power pact, 1940s- Axis Powers start invading smaller countries, Nevil Chamberlain resigns,
Battle of Britain,
Great Britain- was no longer a world power, lost most of its territory outside of the main island, #1 ally with US today,
United States
Major Events- Pearl Harbor, Hiroshima, Kellogg Brand pact, land lease act, Factories switched to military products, Women started to work, Food rationing/victory gardens, war bonds, Japanese Americans, they were protected by the US government,
War goals- wanted Peace, Free elections, and to join the UN, cost 300 billion, allies, Main Allies were Great Britain, Russia, And France, around 420,000 military deaths,
Won war because of rationed food, more supplies/natural resources, Germany invaded USSR, Battle of Normandy, Bombing of Hiroshima, and Nagasaki, More resources, Magic- breaking German codes, Navajo code talkers, wrote and received,
Operation Overlord- Started June 6 1944, 1200 planes, 160,000 troops, Battle Of the Bulge, 1944, Hitler wanted to split allied armies in northwest Europe, Germany's most desperate attempt of the war, Americans fought desperately to defend,
Pearl Harbor- Honolulu Hawaii, Battle of Okinawa, Largest and last battle of the Pacific, Battle of Iwo Jima, base near Japanese coast, dug into island,
Battle Strategies- Island hopping, take one island and take the ones around it, Placed an Embargo on all trades with Japan, impact on the country, had a lot of money, more women started to work and get out of house, hunt for communism, major power
Important Leaders- FDR- US president during WW2, declared 4 freedoms, Dwight D. Eisenhower- Stationed in the Philippines, became a General in 1941, Headed operation Torch/invasion of North Africa, Italy, France, Lead Operation Overlord, George Marshall- Chief of Staff, Planned many invasions, Control of the Pacific, making decisions from DC, George S Patton- Given command of armored divisions, won first victory against German troops, removed from command due to public incident, Broke his neck and died 1945,
Homefront after war- World power, military leader, Women kept jobs, Unemployment dropped, living standards, Marshal Plan/recovery act- assisted the European countries, Cold war soon after WW2,
US, China, France, Soviet Union, Great Britain, Allied powers, South America, Africa, and Aisa,
US never signed the Treaty of Versailles, didn't join the League of Nations, 1920s, 1930s, isolated, Washington Naval Conference, 4 power pact, 5 power pact, 9 power pact, Kellogg Brand Pact, 1930s-
Neutrality Pacts- Italy invaded Ethiopia, 1935- banned trade of arms with any country at war, traveling ships travel at their own risk, 1936- Renewed 1935, Cash and Carry system, countries could buy arms and military needs with cash and they had to carry it back to their countries, Japan accidentally sunk an American ship, they paid for it, 1939- cash and carry system, US ships could not go near war zones, Lend Lease Act- shows sides, act to sell/lease supplies to countries it wanted to assist, didn't want to lend money, so they lent ships instead and expected a ship after the war in return, half of the supplies was war goods,
Interventionists vs Isolationists- large debate in the US,
German U-boats- were sinking US ships, were giving 50 US destroyers in return for naval bases around the world,
Draft- ended two years after ww2, men 21 to 35 must register for the draft, Extended to all men age 18 to 45 once US entered the war, First peacetime draft in US history, must register for the draft once you turn 18, Draft ended around Vietnam,
Atlantic Charter- Signed in August 1941 US and GB,
Major battle- Pearl Harbor, Philippines, Doolittles raid, Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Saipan, Guam, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Nagasaki and Hiroshima Bombings,
Operation Downfall- Invasion of Japan, never happened due to Nuclear Bombs, Paul Tibbets- dropped Little Boy on Hiroshima, VJ day- sept 2, Potsdam Conference- US GB and China issued the Potsdam Declaration, Japan's military dismantled war crimes trials, if it did not agree they would face total destruction, democracy was implemented,
Battle for Atlantic- 41-45, control of the Atlantic ocean, Operation Torch- Invasions of Northern Africa, 1942 north Africa was free, then into Italy
Operation Avalanche- Invasion of Italy,
Operation Dragoon, Southern France,
Battle of the Bulge- Largest loss of life for the US,
Sigfried Line- German built wall on the French border,
Convoy System- US traveling in groups of ships across Atlantic- Germany combated it with Wolf Packs,
Intelligence- Radar, Huff Duff, Ultra, Magic,
Hunter-Killers- chased down U-boats, depth charges,
Yalta Conference- Stalin, FDR, Churchill- Establishment of the United Nations, Germany was to be divided into 4 zones, Russia promised to join the war against Japan, Stalin promised free elections,
Europe split into Communist, and Democratic, leads to cold war,
Rosey the Riveter, women had to take the place of men, Women became nurses, government were encouraging women to work,
Clerks nurses farm workers teachers, typist, salesmen, time keeper, conductors,
WASP- Women's army service Pilots, tested planes for the war,
Tokyo Rose- forced to broadcast depressing music on japanese radio,
African American- All black units,
Asian Americans- joined the war
USO- united services organization
Rationing- civilians had to cut back on resources
War production Board- Keep people working harder
Japanese Internment Camps- all Japanese Americans forced into camps because the govt did not trust them, they had no choice,
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