Monday- presentation
Why were immigrants disliked in the US in the late 1800's/early 1900's
- Took jobs
- Kept wages low
- Different culture
- Racism
Chinese Exclusion
- Banned all Chinese immigration to the US form 1882-1902
- Why ban Chinese immigrants?
- Took jobs
- mower wages
Gentleman's Agreement-1907
- Informal agreement between the United States and Japan
- The US would not restrict Japanese immigration and Japan would not allow further immigration to the U.S
- The goal was to reduce tensions between the IS and Japan
- What was the tension?
- Segregation in school of San Francisco
Why did Cites grow so fast?
- Immigrants
- Farmers moved to the city
- African- Americans moved to the cities
- Cities offered more entertainment
Problems in the City
- Cramped, old, dirty housing-tenements
- Lack of good transportation
- Lack pf safe drinking water
- Disease was common
- Streets were filthy
- Crime
- Fires
- Poverty due to low pay at work
How the other Half Lives
- Define tenements
- Jacob Riis
Tuesday- Presentation
Lack of good transportation
- Solutions
- Electric streetcars- late 1800's, early
- Automobiles
- There were 300 car in the united states in 1995, 78,000 in 1905
- Subways- 1903- Wright brothers
Lack of safe drinking water
- In late 1800's scientists had proven that diseases were spread through unsafe drinking water
- In early 1900's chlorine was added to the water to help eliminate disease
- Federal regulation of drinking water quality began in 1914 which continued to strengthen over the decades
Disease was common and streets were filthy
- Horses were replaced, eliminating the manure problem
- added chlorine to water
- introduction indoor plumbing
- George a, Waring Jr. -New York City-1895
Wednesday-
Crime
- Police became full time employees of the city-not volunteers
- In 1838 Boston established the first American police
- New York- 1845
- By the 1880's all major U.S. cities municipal police forces in place
- 1911- Fingerprints are first accepted by U.S. courts as a reliable means
Fires
- Full time, paid firefighters
- In 1853, Cincinnati became the first full-time, paid fire fighters in the US
Poverty due to low pat at work
- Labor Unions
- Minimum wage laws
- Shorter hours
- Child labor laws
7.3
What was the political machine and what did the do for a city?
Explain Boss tweed and the Tweed Ring?
What caused all the corruption in governments?
The Gilded Age
- 1870's-1900
- Gilded--To be covered with gold
Political Machine-A political organization, usually controlled by a single "boss", that controlled votes and had administrative control of a city, county, or state
- These organizations provided social services and jobs to people(recent immigrants)in exchange for votes
- Very corrupt
- Came about due to the raped increase of population in cites and poor government in the 1800's
- Died out in the early 1900's
- There was a lot of corruption in gov't
- Kickback system
- Granting favors to big business
- Spoils-system/patronage
- Political boss- hired/fired police
Boss William Marcy Tweed
- Was the Boss of the Democratic political machine in New York City
Reforming Government
- Causes for corruption
- The spoils System/Patronage cause a lot of the problems
- Dishonest people
- Lack of accounting
- Pendleton Civil Service Act
- Required most government jobs to be given through a merit system based on test scores
- 1883: 14,000/117,000 gov't jobs required test
- 1900: 100,000/200,000 gov't jobs required tests
Thursday-
Good Presidents Also Brought Change
- 1869-1921
- Reform president of status quo president
- Rutherford B. Hayes-
- James Garfield
- Chester Arthur
- Grover Cleveland
- Benjamin Harrison
- Teddy Roosevelt
- Woodrow Wilson
Status Quo President
- Ulysses S. Grant- General for North,
- William McKinley-
- William Howard
- William Howard Taft
Friday-
Advances and Technologies
- Skyscrapers
- Flatiron Building
- Electric street cars
- subways
- cash register
- automatic dish washer
- vacuum cleaner
- airplane
- Kodak camera
- automobile
- light bulb
- telephone
- typewriter
- radio
- Toilet paper
Expanding Public Education
- Class reading
- before the mid 1800's, education was for the wealthy
- Most states had public schools by 1865
- But many school-aged children still received no formal education-worked in factories instead
- Between 1865-1895, states passed laws requiring 12-16 weeks annually of school
- Classes focused of the "3 R's" -reading, "riting", and Rithmetic"
- Memorization and recitation was very common
African American & Immigrant EDU
- African Americans were mostly excluded form public schools of had to attend segregated schools
- In 1910, 3% of African Americans between the ages 15-19 attended H.S.
- Immigrants were encouraged to go to school
- Most European immigrant families sent their children to the free public schools
Religion in Schools
- Public schools had mandatory readings from the Protestant Bible
- Many Catholic families were caoncerned
- Catholic communities set up parochial schools to give their children a Catholic Education
- Parochial School: a school supported by a church parish
Higher Education
- What is higher education
- From 1880-1920, college enrollments quadrupled
- High School diploma and entrance exams were used in admittance purposes
Segregation
- Literacy test
- Poll tax
- Grandfather Clause(1-1-1867)
Comments
Good!