Monday 26th - We started with presenting videos.
Notes:
Hoover was born in Westbranch Iowa
His mom and dad died from pneumonia and a heart attack
He mined a lot
He was the head of the meat company
Planted victory gardens
"Food will win the war"
WW1 he helped Belgium
Defeated Alfred Smith (Democrat Catholic from New York) in presidential campaign
He tried.
He was a humanitarian - cared about people
Encouraged people to be patient
He raised taxes for wealthy
Norris - La Guardia Act
-Strengthened labor unions
Hoover Moratorium
-One year halt on German war payments to France
-One year halt on war payments from Great Britain and France to U.S.
Mexican Repatriation
-Mexican immigrants were encouraged/forced to go back to Mexico
Revenue Act of 1932
-Increased taxes so U.S. Government had money
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
-Raised tariffs to record levels
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) - 1932
Gave loans to banks, state and local governments and businesses to create projects/jobs for people ---Trickle down theory---
Gave states loans for emergency relief needs
Started under Hoover
Not as successful as Hoover had hoped
Dissolved in 1946 after WWll
Hoovervilles were people who made little homes
They wore newspapers
Women didn't do much
They didn't go out because they were "too proud"
Trading was embarrassing to do that for them
They had a lot of soup kitchens
Hoboes hopping Freight Trains - hundreds of thousands of men and women did it - 16 and 17 year old did this too - found jobs
Sold apples a lot - apple vendors 2 cents an apple then go and sell for 5 cents
Dust Bowl -
People stole a lot of things
23,000 people committed suicide...no way out...mostly men
Relief for the needy
Economic recovery for banks and stock market
Financial reform fixes banks and stock markets
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Passed in 1933 during the "One Hundred Days"
CCC members worked 40 hours a week and were paid $30 a month with requirement that $25 be sent to the family
Members lived in camps, wore uniforms, and lived under military discipline
The U.S. Army operated camps
The CCC was limited to young men age 18 to 25 whose fathers were on relief
Planted trees, fought forest fires, stopped soil erosion
NYA (National Youth Administration)
Established in 1935 and was a part of the WPA
Pushed heavily by Eleanor Roosevelt (ER)
Served 327,000 high school and college youth who were paid $6 to $40 a month for "work study" projects at their schools
It allowed thousands of young people to stay in school
Another 155,000 boys and girls from relief families were paid $10 to $25 a month for part time work that included job training
Unlike the CCC. it included young women
The youth normally lived at home and worked at construction sites
FERA (Federal Emergency Relief Act)
Enacted in 1933
Main function was to create the FERA
FERA distributed more than 20 million dollars in direct aid to the unemployed
This in turn would hep the unemployed to find new jobs
FERA had 3 primary objectives
-Direct relief measures
-Provide work for employable people
-Provide many different types of relief programs
PWA (Public Works Administration)
Established in 1933
Created as many jobs as possible in many different varieties
Great example of FDR's "priming the pump"
Between July 1933 and March 1939 the PWA funded the construction of more than 34,000 projects including airports, dams, aircraft carriers, and bridges
Was responsible for 70% of the new schools and 33% of the hospitals built between 1933-1939
Civil Works Administration (CWA)
Established in 1933 to create jobs for millions of the unemployed
CWA created construction projects
In just one year the CWA cost the government over $800,000,000 and was cancelled after one year
So much was spent because it hired 4 million people and was mostly concerned with paying high wages
WPA (Works Progress Administration)
Established in 1935
Largest New Deal Agency
Biggest and set up most construction
built 650,000 miles of roads, 225,000 concerts, 475,000 works of art, 125,000 buildings, 7,000 miles of airport runways
NIRA and NRA esablished "codes of fair competition" aimed at supporting prices and wages and stimulating economic recovery
Blue eagles were handed out
Kept prices low and fair - treated workers well (decent pay and decent hours)
Birds in windows at restaurants for above comment
Section 7a guaranteed workers the right to unionize
Declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court (1935)
Seen as a failure
National Labor Relations Act/Board
Established in 1935 through passage of the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)
Conducts elections for unions
Stresses collective bargaining
Investigates and fixes unfair labor practices
Governed by a 5 person board whose members are appointed by the President
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)
Established a national minimum wage - 40 cents an hour
Established the 40 hour work week
Guaranteed time and a half for overtime in certain jobs
Prohibited most child labor
Still exists today
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Established in 1933
Restricted production during the New Deal by paying farmers to reduce the amount of crops planted
Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus so prices would go up
The farmers were paid by the federal government for leaving some of their land untilled
The Act created a new agency, the Agricultural Adjustment Administration to carry out law
AAA oversaw a large-scale destruction of existing crops and livestock in an attempt to reduce surpluses
6 million pigs and 220 thousand sows were slaughtered in the AAA's effort to raise prices
Cotton farmers plowed under a quarter of their crop
AAA was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1936 because it taxed one group (Food Processors) to pay another
2nd AAA was passed in 1938
Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act
Allowed the government to pay farmers to reduce production so as to "conserve soil" and prevent erosion
It was a piece of legislation passed in response to the Supreme Court's declaration that the AAA was unconstitutional
Educated farmers on how to use their lands without damaging them
2 years later, soil erosion had dropped 65%
Rural Electrification Administration (REA)
Gave farmers electricity - not just the city people
Farm Security Administration (FSA)
Granted small farmers and tenant farmers money to purchase farms
The Dust Bowl forced a lot of farmers off their farms
Many farmers bought tractors with money from the AAA
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Tuesday 27th - Took more notes after watching videos. (Shown above)
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Wednesday 28th - Took even more notes - Didn't watch a video (Shown above)
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Thursday 29th - Watched some videos and took more notes (Shown above)
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Friday 30th -
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