Monday- We started presenting our videos to the class. Herbert Hoover was born in West Branch Iowa. His mom died of phenomena and his father died of a heart attack when he was at a young age. He then moved out to Oregon to live with his aunt and uncle and graduated from Stanford College. He goes into the mine industry. When WW1 he helped the Belgians get food after Germany invaded them. In the 20's he was in the presidential cabinet. He beats out Alfred L. Smith in the presidential election. prosperity of the 20's helped him win, supported prohibition, promised to improve conditions for farmers. No one wanted to change back to the democratic party.
Norris- La Guardia Act - Strengthened labor unions. Kept telling people to be patient.
Tuesday-
Hoover Moratorium
- One year halt on German war payments to France
-One year halt on war payments from Great Britain and France to the US
Mexican Repartriation- Mexican immigrants were encouraged/forced to go back to Mexico
Revenue Act of 1932- Increased taxes so US gov't had $$
Hawley- smooth tariff- Raised tariffs to record levels
RFC- Reconstruction Finance Corporation- 1932- gave loans to banks, state and local govt's and business to create projects/jobs for people
-gave states loans for emergency relief needs
-started under Hoover
- Not as successful as Hoover had hoped- Dissolved in 1946 after WWII
Impact of the Depression- Hoovervilles- community of people who had all lost their jobs together and lived in tiny shacks on the outskirts of town. Breadlines-they waited in line to get bread from volunteer groups. Thousands of people would hop freight trains and went from town to town looking for day jobs. Most were teenagers. Many people would sell apples.(Apple vendors) Lots of people committed suicide because they had lost everything and didn't know what to do.
Wednesday-
Relief, Reform and Recovery- Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Passed in 1933 during the "One Hundred Days'
-CCC members worked 40 hours a week and were paid 30$ a month, with the requirement that 25$ of that be sent home to family
-Members lived in camps. wore uniforms, and lived under military disipline
-US army operated the camps- The CCC was limited to young men age 18-25 whose fathers were on relief
-Planted trees, fought forest fires, stopped soil erosion-helped construct military bases during WWII- funding stopped in 1942- "We can take it!"
National Youth Administration (NYA)- Established in 1935 and was part of the WPA
-pushed heavily by Eleanor Roosevelt
-served 327,000 high school and college youth, who were paid 6$ to 40$ a month for "work study" projects at their schools
-It allowed thousands of young people to stay in school
- Another 155,000 boys and firls from relief families were paid 10$-25$ a month for part-time work that included job training
-Unlike the CCC,it included young women
-The youth normally lived at home. and worked on construction or repair projects.
Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)- enacted in 1933
-main function was to create the Federal Emergency Relief Administration
-FERA distributed more than 20 million dollars in direct aid to the unemployed
-This in turn would help the unemployed to find new jobs
-FERA had three primary objectives:
1. direct relief measures
2. provide work for employable people
3. provide many different types of relief programs
Public Works Administration (PWA)
established in 1933
-created as many jobs as possible in many different varieties
great example of FDR's "Priming the pump"
between July 1933 and march 1939 the PwA funded the construction of more than 34,000 projects including airports, dams, aircraft carriers, and bridges.
Was responsible for 70% of the new schools and 33% of the hospitals too
WPA- was the biggest organization and helped produce the most money.
Thursday- Companies did not have to follow the codes of "fair competition". The NRA was there to enforce it. National Industrial Recovery Act. Blue Eagle ( helping our economy to get back) Labor Union- Working for better pay.
- National Labor Relations Act/Board - established in 1935- conducts elections for unions( power in numbers)- They would investigate anything not right or not fair.
-Fair Labor Standards Act- 40 cents an hour
- Agricultural Adjustment Act - It's purpose was to reduce crop surplus so prices would go up
-Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act- Allowed the government to pay farmers to reduce production so as to "conserve soil" and prevent erosion
- Rural Electrification Administration-
- Farm security administration- granted small farmers and tenant farmers money to purchase farms
Friday- Home Owner's Loan Corporation- Typical home loan in 1930 required 50% down payment and had to be paid off within 5-7 years at an interest rate of 6 to 8 percent. Buyers paid the entire interest charge at the end of the payback period in a single balloon payment established to refinance homes to prevent foreclosure- 15 years- allows lower/ middle class people to buy nicer homes.
- FHA- Federal Housing Administration- insured loans made by banks and other private lenders to build homes.
-United States Housing Authority- it was designed to lend money to the states or communities for low cost home construction- still companies that deal with these kind of things today
- Social Security Administration- established in 1935 - provides retirement, disability. and survivors benefits.- most american workers pay social security taxes on their earnings- future benefits are based on employees'
- FTP, FMP- helped musicians, artists and actors find jobs that they were qualified for
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