Monday - Watched videos and took notes
Tuesday - Watched videos and took notes
Wednesday - Watched videos and took notes
Thursday - Watched videos and took notes
Friday - Watched videos and took notes
1920’s Topics:
*Republican Era - All presidents were republican
*The Jazz Age - Jazz music was huge
*Boom to Bust - Stock market crashed
*Prosperity Decade - Time of prosperity
*Advertising Age - A lot of new popular products (electricity)
*The Golden Age of Sports - Popular time for sports
1.-Prohibition and gangsters
Noble Experiment
18th amendment- the manufacture, sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages was illegal
supporters believed alcohol brought about corruptions, crime wife and child abuse and accidents
supporters came mostly from rural south and west- protestant
anti-saloon league and women’s christian temperance union led the attack on alcohol
Alcohol was allowed for medicinal and religious purposes
Prescriptions and sacramental
saloons closed and drunkenness went down
the Volstead act created the prohibition bureau to enforce the law
prohibition failed for three reasons
people despised it, saw it as government meddling in lives
the Prohibition bureau was underfunded- had 1500 people to supervise the country
organized crime became commonplace
Prohibition Bureau would go and break cegs
Bootlegging-illegally making or distributing alcohol
Bootleggers
people that made or transported alcohol
named because people carried liquor in the logs of boots
most imported alcohol came from Canada or outside the US
Biggest threat to the bootlegging- hijacking
Moonshine- alcohol made secretly in homemade stills
Several hundred people a year died from drinking moonshine during the 1920’s
IN 1929 it is estimated that 700 million gallons of beer were produced in American homes
Speakeasies- to obtain alcohol illegally, people went underground to secret bars, could be anywhere, moved frequently, to be admitted a card or passard had to be given
Every major city had it’s gang
Al Capone's bootlegging business in chicago made over 60 million per year
Due to gang violence only 19 of the Americans supported prohibition by 1925
Prohibition was repealed in 1933 by the 21st amendment
Al Capone- scarface
St. Valentine’s massacre,
taken down by tax evasion
died in 1940’s
2.-Women’s rights and freedoms
- 19th Amendment people have rights to vote - They now have a say in the government
*Women started going to college and working.
- Typical jobs were clerks, cleaning, waitress, teaching, nursing
- Only 25%
*Flapper Girls
- Bobbed hair, fringe dresses, makeup, no more corsets
- They had a fun attitude, wanted to go to college and get a job before they wanted marriage or kids
- Smoked and drank in public, earned their own money
- Clara Bow - famous actress that was the sex symbol of the 20s
- Most women were traditional
*Cult of Domesticity
- Developed throughout the 1800s
- Four characteristics - piety (religious), purity (wait till marriage, one man, innocent), domesticity (stay home take care of house), submissiveness (woman will not argue, not to speak up)
*WWI
- Interrupted the campaign for woman suffrage
- Women took the mens' jobs while they were at war, showing that they could do hard work
*Margaret Sanger
- 1921 she found the American Birth Control League (ABCL)
- Known as planned parenthood today
- Women could then control their own bodies
*Education
- By 1928, women were earning 39% of the college degrees in the U.S.
- In 1900 it was 19%
- Almost 60% today
*1928 Olympics
- First Olympics that women competed in
- Some argued physical competition wasn't adequate, or historically innapropriate
*"Pink Collared" Jobs 1920s-70s
- Low paying service occupations
- Nurses, secretaries, teachers, cleaning
- Make less money in general
3.-Politics-elections, Normalcy and isolationism, President’s backgrounds and accomplishments, scandals, Republican philosophy
*Small government
- States had a lot of say in things
- Government was doing good
*Harding
- Died
- Sneaky
- Put his own friends in office
- Teapot dome Scandal - Oil reserves there, Harding's guy decided to lease it to oil companies but he only gave it to the ones who bribed him
*Coolidge
- Did well
- Didn't get involved in many things
*Hoover
- Known as a terrible president
- Was popular when first started
*Republican Philosophies
- Trickle-down theory - Government gives tax breaks on the wealthy
- Laissez-faire - Government stays out of business, doesn't have regulations
- Rugged individualism - It is up to you to work hard, government isn't giving you money
- Normalcy - United States is going to focus on ourselves
4.-Entertainment, sports, music, radio, movies and fads
*Famous People
- Charlie Chaplin - very famous, was a communist and left the U.S.
- Black Face - sing dance, painted their faces black
- The Marx Brothers - famous actors
- Harry Houdini - magician, escape artist
- Babe Ruth - baseball
- Bobby Jones - golfer
- Bill Tilden - Tennis
- Red Grange - football
- F Scott. Fitzgerald - Author of The Great Gatsby
5.-Economy-Booming economy and stock market, buying on credit, high tariffs\
*Massive Strikes after WWI
- Some people wanted better wages, conditions, hours
- Boston Police Strike - crime rised because police weren't working
- Things got better after WWII
*Stock market
- Stock market was booming
- Buying on margin "Buy now pay later"
*High Tariff Policy
- Republicans rose tariffs so people would buy American products since they would be cheaper
- The Progressives pushed for lower tariffs, good for consumers because there's more options
- No longer making a lot of money from other countries, they put tariffs on you too
*The era of "Permanent Prosperity"
- "As long as everyone has faith, everything will be fine."
6.-Red Scare-anti-immigration, Sacco and Vanzetti case (1919-1920)
*United States was fearful of communist takeover
- The Palmer Raids - Mitchell Palmer searched out communists, house was bombed
- Hysteria reached an all time high when they heard a communist takeover would happen
- Sacco and Vanzetti - Italian radicals that were accused of killing someone and put to death (probably innocent)
*Russia dropped out of WWI and became communist
- Vladimir Lenin - first Russian leader, he dies
- Joseph Stalin - Made communism what we think of today (fear)
*Communism...
- Karl Marx
- No personal freedoms
*Immigration Act of 1924
- Greatly reduced immigration to the US,
- The law was aimed at restricting immigration of Southern Europeans, Eastern Europeans, and Jews
- Severely restricted immigration from Aftica, prohibited Arabs, East Asians, and Indians
- The purpose of the act was "to preserve the ideal of American homogeneity"
7.-Harlem Renaissance-KKK
- African Americans moving from the south to cities in the North
- Art and music
*Famous jazz artists
- Louis Armstrong
- Duke Ellington
- Cab Callington
- Bassie Smith
- The cotton club, very famous
*Klu Klux Klan
- Tried to keep our country "pure"
- W.A.S.P .... White anglo saxon protestant
8.-Lots of strikes-Boston Police, US Steel, United Mine Workers
9.-The Model T and the impact of the automobile
*Was made for the average American
*Affordable for everyone
*Impact:
- Transporting
- Could live in small towns and drive to work
- Could work other places
- Vacationing
- Created jobs (Car, gas stations, roads, mechanics)
10.-Electricity in the homes and new applicances
- Changed the way people live
- Prior to electricity, people used kerosene lamps and fire
- Only the richer people had it in the beginning, country people didn't have it until 40s or 50s
11.-Charles Lindbergh, Amelia Earhardt and the airplane
- Airplanes used for carrying mail, entertainment shows, and competitions, military purposes
*Charles Lindbergh
- Most famous person in U.S.
- First person to fly against the Atlantic Ocean (New York - Paris)
- Lost fame in late 1930s due to racism, non jewish
*Amelia Earhart
- First woman to fly across the Atlantic ocean
- Tried to become the first to fly around the world, crashed in the south pacific and disappeared
12.-Scopes-Monkey Trial
There was a struggle between the modern scientific people and the christian fundamentalists
Fundamentalists believed everything could be explained by the Bible
They disagreed with the theory of evolution especially
Charles Darwin- theory of evolution
In 1925 tennessee passed the first law making it illegal to teach evolution in school
The American Civil Liberties Union said it would defend any teacher willing to break the law
John Scopes, biology teacher from Dayton accepted
Scopes taught evolution and was arrested
Clarence Darrow was hired by the AClU to defend Scopes
William Jennings Bryan was the special prosecutor
Scopes did not deny teaching evolution
Darrow called Bryan to the stand and asked him questions about the Bible
Darrow made Bryan look foolish
- In the end, Scopes was found guilty and fined 100 dollars
13.-Cause of the stock market crash
*People buying on stock margin
- stocks would go down, brokers would want their money back but they wouldn't have it. Banks and people would lose money
*Dow Jones 30
- 30 of the biggest companies in the stock market (U.S.)
- If Dow Jones is doing good, most things are
*Causes of the crash
- Stock prices were grossly inflated, did not have real value-watered stock prices
- Overspeculation during the 20s ^
- Buying on margin (led to people being in debt)
- Overproduction of goods - under consumption of consumers
- Uneven distribution of wealth
- Too much borrowing from banks
- Federal Reserve increased interest rates
- Lack of government regulation
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