January 16- January 20

[5 Tara]

January 16 (Monday)- No school 

January 17 (Tuesday)- Snow day

January 18 (Wednesday)- Mr. Bruns continued notes. Notes below. Assigned to our project. 

January 19  (Thursday)- Work day. 

January 20 (Friday)- Talked about the presidency and started presentations notes below 

Sharia Law continued 

• The "belief" component of Sharia command Muslims to believe in God, the angels, prophets, etc. 
• In terms of "character," Sharia commands Muslims to strive for traits like humility and kindness, and to avoid traits such as lying and pride 
• "Actions" include those relating to God, such as prayer, fasting, and pilgrimage, as well as actions relating to other humans, such as marriage, crime, and business 

The Crusades 

Background- Causes

• Jerusalem was a holy land for the Christians and each year many come to visit (pilgrimages) 
• The Seljuk Turks (Muslims ) controlled that land and the amount of visitors grew too much that they began not allowing visitors 
• It was also believed taht the increase in Muslim power would threaten the Byzantine Capital of Constantinople 
• The Muslim Seljuk Turks were encroaching upon the Byzantine capital of Constantinople and were not friendly to Christians 
• Pope Urban II agreed to help Emperor Alexios and declared a "holy war" or a crusade to get controls of the Holy Land (Israel) back from the Muslims 
• This started a 200 year fight for control of the Holy Land with 9 different Crusades during that time 

Crusades Project Notes 

1st Crusades: 

Who 

• Christian Knight vs Muslims 

Leaders (European Leaders) 

• Godfrey of Bouillon 
  Raymond of Saint-GIlles 
• Bohemond of Taranto 
• Hugh of Vermandois 
  • Each had own route to get to Jerusilum 

Leaders (Byzantine Empire) 

• Alexius' 
• Peter the Hermit 
• Count Emicho

Leaders (Muslims) 

• Malik Shah
• Kilij Arslan 
• Yaghi-Siyan 

Where 

• August 1096 
  • Crusaders departed for Byzantium 
  • Traveled through the Byzantine empire, meeting Constantinople to discus terms of Alexius' authority before crossing the Bosporus 
  • The first major clash occurred when a small group of Crusaders invaded Cibotus 
  • Turkish forces crushed them 
  • Another group of Crusaders attacked various towns in the Rhineland 
• May 1097 
  • Crusaders and Byzantine allies attacked Nicea 
  • Now Iznik, Turkey 
    Seljuk Capital in Anatolia 
  • City surrendered in late June 
  • Continued through Anatolia 
• June 1098: 
  • Captured the great Syrian city 
  • Jerusalem (Captial of Israel) 
  • Encamped 
  • City governmor 
  • Surrendered in Mid-July

When 

• November 27, 1095 in Clermont, France Called for a crusade to help the Byzantines to free Jerusalem 
• August 15, 1096 
• Pope Urban II added the Crusade but died July 29th, 1099 
• He was not informed that the crusade had seized Jerusalem on July 15, 1099 

Why 

• Byzantine Empire Over Run 
  • Overwhelming Muslim forces control the Holy Land 
  • Byzantine Emperor, Alexius I Comnenus, requests aid from the West 
  • Pope Urban II calls for crusade in Clermont, France 
• Crusaders Fight
  • Free the Holy Land from the Muslims 
  • Don't be excommunicated 
  • Eliminate the threat against the church 

Causes 

• Pope Uban II convinced Europeans 
• Evil in the world  
• Muslims had control of the Holy Land 

Goals 

• Main goal was to take the holy land 
• An expression of authority 
• Show them who's boss 

Results

Crusaders took the Holy Land 

• Crusaders sieged, pillaged, and slaughtered Muslim forces along the way 
• reclaim Jerusalem 
• Set up missionaries 
• Promised Jihad 
• Christian Crusaders won