Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday- Watching presentations
Background of Hoover and Presidential election
Background on Hoover:
- Hoover was born in Westbranch, Iowa
- Both parents died before the age of 10
- Went to college at Stanford and got a degree in geology
- First job was a mining engineer
- Helped Belgium in WWl
- "Food will win the war"
- Ran for president in 1928
- Al Smith runs for democrat (catholic)
- Hoover wins
Hovers platform:
- Efficiency in government
- Rep. record of prosperity
- Pro-business
- Promised to improve conditions of farmers
- Reform immigration laws
- Support of prohibitions
- Revenue Act raised taxes
What did Hoover do to help with the Great Depression
- Hoover was blamed for not doing anything
- Not true, did more than other presidents
- Encouraged people to be patient
- Things would be okay
- Federal Farm Board
- Stabilize prices and to promote the sale of agricultural products
- Norris-La Guardia Act
- Strengthened labor unions
- Hoover Moratorium Hoover Dam
- One year on halt on Germany war payments to France
- Also Great Britain and France to the US
- Greatest known achievement from Hoover
- Mexican Repatriation Revenue Act of 1932
- Mexican immigration were encouraged/forced to go back to mexico
- Increased taxes so US gov had more money
- Hawley-Smoot Tariff
- Raised tariffs to record levels
- Bonus Expeditionary Force
- People went to Congress wanted them to pass the bill wanting money early
- Reconstruction Fiance Corp. (RFC)
- Gave loans to banks, states, and local govt, and business to create jobs for people
- Gave states loans for emergency reliefs
- Started under Hoover
- Not as successful as Hoover hoped
- Dissolved in 1946 after WWII
- Many construction projects
- Creates many jobs
Franklin D Roosevelt Background
- Born into rich family
- Married distant 5th cousin Eleanor Roosevelt
- First political job was State senator New York
- Assistant secretary of the navy
- 1920 ran for VP against James Cox
- Got polio and was handicapped
- Lost election
- Governor of New York
- Ran for president
- Only handicapped president that we've had
- Promised a change
- Won election
- Went against hoover
- Won election
Impact the Great depression had on peoples lives
- People lost their life savings
- Banks close
- 1/4 people were unemployed
- People lost homes
- Suicide rates went up
- Men went to Breadlines and soup kitchens for food to families
- Selling foods on the corners of the streets
- Hoovervilles were formed
- Poorly put together shacks
- Hoovervilles were formed
- People watched listened to games on the radio to forget the problems
Unemployment
- Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)
- Distributed more than $20 million in direct aid to unemployed
- Help find jobs
- Did provide jobs
- Gave out welfare checks
- Public Works Administration (PWA)
- Created thousands of jobs for construction projects
- Airports, dams, aircraft, carrier, bridges
- FDR's "priming the pump"
- Responsible for 70% of the new schools and 33% of hospitals built between 1933-1939
- Civil Works Administration (CWA)
- Created construction jobs, improving construction
- In one year, the CWA cost the gov. over $8 billion and was cancelled
- Works Progress Administration (WPA)
- Largest and most comprehensive New Deal agencies
- Helped artist and musicians
- Built Golden Gate Bridge
Young People
- Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
- CCC members worked 40 hours a week and were paid $30 a month
- Members lived in camps, wore uniforms, and lived under military discipline
- U.S. army operated the camps
- Young men of age 18 to 25 whose fathers were on relief
- Planted trees, fought forest fires, stopped soil erosion
- Helped construct military bases during WW2
- CCC slogan "We can take it!"
- National Youth Administration (NYA)
- Established in 1935
- Served for high school and college youth that needed help to stay in school
- Got paid $10-20 a month
- NYA included women
- Lived at home, worked on construction or repair projects
Farmers
- *Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
- Paid farmers to plant less
- Reduce crop so price goes up
- Destroyed crops and live stocks
- Farm prices more than doubled (1933-35)
- Citizens saw AAA as cruel organization
- Declared unconstitutional
- Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act
- Allowed the gov. to pay farmers to reduce production to prevent erosion
- Designed to educate farmers on how to take care of their land
- Rural Electrification Administration (REA)
- Provided farms with electricity
- Farm Security Administration (FSA)
- Granted small farmers and tenant farmers money to purchase farms
- Farmers bought tractors with the money from the AAA
- Forcing tenant farmers off the land
Homeowners
- Home Owner's Loan Corporation (HOLC)
- Refinanced homes to prevent the banks from taking them over
- Used to extend loans from shorter, expensive payments of the 15 years to the lower payments of the 30 year loan
- Federal Housing Administration (FHA)
- Getting people to start borrowing money for people to build homes
- Made homes safer for people
- United States Housing Authority (USHA)
- Designed to lend money to the states for low-cost home construction
- Homes were designed for low income and homeless people
Elderly
- *Social Security Administration (SSA)
- Provides retirement, disability, and survivors' benefits
- Americans workers pay Social Security taxes on the earnings
- Each person is given a Social Security number
- Saved elderly's lives
Banks
- Banks were closing
- People run to banks
- People lost everything
- Emergency Banking Relief Act (EBRA)
- Closed banks down to prevent bank runs
- Reorganized it
- Reopens bank
- Reorganized it
- Provided insurance to people's money in the banks
- People started trusting banks again
- Bank runs ended
- Closed banks down to prevent bank runs
- *Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
- Insured people's money in banks up to $1000(over $250,000 today)
- Put faith back into the banks
- Banking Act 1935
- Made FDIC
- Strengthened the power of the Federal Reserve
- Making banking safer overall
Stock Market
- Federal Securities Act
- Made stock market a safer place for people to invest their money
- No deceit
- Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
- Regulates the stock market
- Making stock market more secure
- Regulates the stock market
Energy
- Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
- Created to generate electric power and control floods in a seven state around the Tennessee River Valley
- America's largest public power company
- Was criticized because all of america had to pay for it
- Rural Electrification Administration (REA)
- Brought electricity to farms
Artists/Musicians
- Federal One Project
- Created:
- Federal Art Project (FAP)
- Federal Music Project (FMP)
- Federal Theature Project (FTP)
- Federal Writers' Project (FWP)
- Historical Records Survey (HRS)
Factory workers
- Lack of jobs
- Lack of pay
- Wasn't able to join union
- (NLRB) Help problems with workers
Native Americans
- Indian Reorganization Act (IRA)
- Allowed Native Americans to manage and keep their land
- Help create job opportunities on Indian reservations
- Still around today
Goals of the New Deal
- Relief, Reform, Recovery
- Relief for the needy
- Economic recovery
- Financial reform
Opponents against FDR
- Some say FDR went to far
- Spent too much money
- Others say he didn't do enough
- Needed to do more
- Became to powerful
- Dictator
- Created big government
- Acts interfere with business and lives
- Believed some acts to be illegal
Court Packing Bill
- For every guy over 70, he would appoint new justice
- Never got passed
THOUGH FDR NEEDED TO DO MORE
Father Charles Caughlin
- Called for a guaranteed income of $200 a month
- Wanted gov. to take over the banks
Francis Townshed
- Argued FDR wasn't doing enough to help elderly
- Ideas led to Social Security
Senator Huey Long
- "Every man a king"
- Believed in redistributed wealth
- Shot and killed by Carl Weiss in 1935
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