Church Reforms
- powerful monarchs challenged the church
- kings jealous of the church's wealth
- boycott tax-paying
- Martin Luther nailed his 95 Thesis on the church castle- start of the Reformation on Oct. 31, 1517
Causes of Church Reforms
- priests were getting married
- bishops practiced simony- profit making from sacred things
- church was going away from the Bible
- Kings, not the church, appointed Church Bishops
Impacts of Church Reforms and Crusades
- increased trade
- increased power for popes and kings
- people and explorers began to seek adventure
- hatred between Christians and Muslims
- ending feudalism
- beginning of the Renaissance
Foundation for Hatred
- European Christians imposed their beliefs on Jews
- Muslims cut off Christian access to Jerusalem
Crusades
- series of wars between Christians and Muslims during the Middle Ages
- Inquisition- a former Roman Catholic tribunal for the discovery and punishment of heresy
- 3rd
- recapture Jerusalem
- English King Richard the Lionhearted vs. Saladin
- truce made
- most important crusade
- Children's Crusade
- France vs Germany- groups of young children
- convinced they were protected by God
- none returned
Church Reforms BUI
- lay investiture- appointment of bishops, abbots, and other church officials by feudal lords and vassals
- Martin Luther- German priest and professor of theology, leader in the Protestant Reformation, challenged the Pope
- Cathedral- the principle church of a diocese
- simony- the selling or buying of of position
- monasteries- a religious community of monks who have devoted themselves to prayer and worship
- Pope Leo IX- hated simony, important German pope, considered saint by Roman Catholic Church
Crusades BUI
- Richard the Lionhearted- Christian leader of the 3rd Crusade
- Saladin- Sultan of Egypt and Syria who captured Jerusalem and defended it during the 3rd Crusade, defeated the crusaders
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