Indian Empire
Mathematics:
- great indian mathematical named Aryabhata created pi to 4 places.
- Calculated a solar year 365.3586805 days which is close to the atomic clock
- Mathematicals was one of the most advanced math systems in the world
Astronomy:
- Gupta made great advancements but had lack of modern devices such as telescopes
- Fist to discover seven planets in our solar system
Medicine:
- Indian developed the technique of inoculation
- Inoculation- injecting a person with a small dose of virus to help him/her to build defencse to a disease
Literature:
- Writing was developed in Madurai in 100 AD, still over 2,000 poems from there today
- Classical indian dances based are based on dance techniques from this time
- Work of literature were written in Sanskrit
- Kalidasa- writer and poet; member of the gupta empire
Perforoming Arts:
- Indian arts of this time was religious
- Work is still admired today
- Vedas was recited and performed for concerts
Aryabhata:
- First in mathematics-astronomy
- His most famous works was Aryabhatiya
- He was bron in Bihar, India
- Author of mathematics and astronomy during his time
- Created algebra
Military Conquests
Maurya:
- Chandragupta maurya may have been born in the powerful kingdom of Magadha.
- Chandragupta gathered an army, killed the unpopular nanda king, and in about 321 BC, claimed the throne.
Expansion:
- After he took over the Nanda Dynasty he started rapidly moving westward across centural and western india
- After alexander died Chandragupta starting taking the land that Alexander had conqured from the satraps left by Alexander
- By 316 BC the empire had fully occupied Northwestern India
- At its greatest point it had stretched to the north along the natural boundaries of the Himalayas, and into the East which is now Assam
- To the west it stretched to modern day Pakistan. It also in parts of present day Afghanistan
Conclusion:
- Mauryan Empire was the biggest to rule the Indian subcontinent. Until the British arrived
- It ended in 185 BC with the foundation of the Sunga Dynasty
Hinduism
BOLDED TERMS:
- The three gods of the Hindu triumvirate
- Vishnu- is the preserver of the universe
- Shiva- tries to destroy the world in order to re-create it
- Brahma- created the world and all its creatures
Facts:
- Some animals are thought to be holy in Hindu religion.
- Cows- milk and other milk products are used for worship
- Peacocks- Kartikera, the son of Shiva, rides one
- Mouse- Ganesh, the other son of Shiva, keeps one as a pet
Hinduism:
- Has no founder but based off multiple traditions
- It is one of the oldest living religions in the world
- Hinduism has about 1 billion followers
- One cool aspect of Hindus is they believe in Karma
- They also believe in reincarnation
- They worship in a temple
- They go along with the law of conservation of energy
- Energy can never be created or destroyed
- Only one form can be changed into another
- What we call death isnt the soul is simply transforming
- Birth trhough adulthood the when one finally reaches salvation is the chain broke
- This is when one becomes frully one with the supreme spirit Braham
Hindus:
- Aims of life
- Righteousnesss
- Wealth
- Desire
- Salvation
- Goal
- Salvation is the ultimate goal of a Hindu’s life
- Stages of life
- Student phase
- Living with wife and children
- Leaving the home and pray to God may keep contact with family
- Discard everything in life inclouding wife, children, and material things
- Contribution
- Yoga
- Pranayama
- Meditaion
- Ayurveda
- Vegetarianism
- (Best gifts)
Han Emperors in China:
- In this chapter we have already discussed India, so on the bolded terms and other questions make sure you specify on if it’s a Indian or Chinese term
Early China:
- The Qin Dynasty were very harsh on taxes, labor quotas, and strict punishments
- The people of the Qin Dynasty rebelled and a war of rival kings started throughout all of China
- Two powerful people emerged: Xiang Yu & Liu Bang
Han Dynasty:
- These two leaders ended up hating each other and fought their last battle in 202 BC –Liu Bang won and declared himself the first emperor of the Han Dynasty
- The Han Dynasty ruled China for more than 400 years. However their rule was broken up into 2 parts because there was a time where they lost their power for a short period of time
- Very influential, even today people from China often refer to themselves as “people of the Han”
Bang’s steps to unified China:
- First goal was to destroy the rival kings’ power
- He was going to do this by establishing centralized government
- This where the central authority controls the running of the state
- He also lowered taxes and softened the harsh legal punishments of the people
Empress Lu:
- When Bang died his son became emperor, but not really
- The real ruler was the son’s mother. One of the Bang’s wives
- When Lu died, the people that supported Bang were upset, and they executed the people who Lu had put into power
Wudi:
- After 30-40 years of turmoil and poor leadership, Bang’s great-grandson took control of the Hans and his name was Wudi
- He is known throughout history as the “Martial Emperor” because his idea of expanding China was through war
- The first set of people that he had to deal with were the Xiongnu
Xiongnu:
- Were fierce nomads known for their deadly archery from horseback
- Usually attacked China’s farms and would take people hostage and steal goods
- Early Han emperors would try to send them gifts to stop but they usually would not quit
- Wudi had other ideas and sent 100,000 men to fight them.
Pyramid-
- Top tier- Emperor
- 2nd tier-King, Governor
- 3rd tier- state officials, nobles and scholars
- 4th tier- peasants
- 5th tier- artisans, merchants
- 6th tier- soldiers
- 7th tier- slaves
Han technology:
- Advancements include paper. Paper was invented in 105 AD before this book were written in silk
- Silk is very expensive compared to paper
- So this allowed for many more people to get an education
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