Ch. 5.1:
-Describe Native American culture.
*Tribes: Osage Iowa Sioux Cheyenne
*hunters and gatherers
*horses were given to tribes in New Mexico in 1598
-wores broke out due to this
*kuved ub snakk extebded family groups
*young men trained to be hunters and warriors
*young women butchered game and prepared hides
*tribes controlled by nultiple people
-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains?
looking for gold silver and other riches
manafest destiny saying they had the god given right to move west
-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies?
We pushed them into certain areas. reservation systems were their policies
-Describe a cowboy's life.
At least 5,000 worked on ranches between 1866-1885.
Most worked 10-14 hours on ranches or 14 hours or more on cattle trails.
Season began with rounding up as many longhorns as possible.
Kept them fencedin until they wuold rather eat than run away.
Ch. 5.2:
-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains?
- from 1850-1871 fedeal.
-1862 congress passed the homestead act
-offered 160 acres of land free to any citizen who head of household to establish a farm
-1862-1900 600,000 families took the chance
-thousands were exodusters, african americans who moved for the reconstruction south to kansas
-only 10% of land was actually settled by families the rest was taken advantage of by land speculaters who -later sold it for a ton of money when they got it for free
-Iowa & Minnesota, was enough but western needed more for farming
-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains?
drought, lack of water, fires, blizzards, insects, locust plagues, floods, non fertle landwoman would work beside their husbands
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?
not fertle land, farmers did bonanza farms; enormous farms of the same crop so they experienced drought
Ch. 5.3:
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?
farming land became very scarce because farmers were in debt and the banks closed their farms
-Who were the Populists and what did they believe?
populism is the moement of people
demanded reforms to lift debt of farmers/other workers and a greater voice in government
what they wanted:
-increase in money supply
-graduated income tax(the more money you make the more taxes you pay)
-federal loan program(to give money to farmers to help them keep their farms)
-single terms for presidents(so they could get someone that wasn't for big businesses)
-secret ballot
-8 hour work day
-restriciton on immigration(immigrants would accept a lower pay and so they couldn't get raises because they would just trade them for an immigrant)
Ch. 6.1:
-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?
Wealth of natural resources
avalibilitly of coal, steel, and iron
government support for business (laissez-Fairre, governments gonna let business do as they please)
-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?
Internal combustion engine,
Dynamite
typewriter- they didn't have to write things by hand anymore but they couldn' t save
electric motor
telephone- it made the world a lot smaller, it was one of the bigger inverntions
fans- they didn't have ac it was the first time they could be cooled.
1840's americans started using kerosene for fuel
Ch. 6.2:
-What impact did railroads have on the US?
*it was an easier way to the west
*brought available land,
*adventure,
*a new start
*helped divelop the country we have today.
*Bad thing happened to such as death.
*Railroad workers died form many things deaths from Indians, disease, and accidents were the most major thing
-Why were many people upset with the railroads?
farmers were upset because of the misuse of the land grants
Railroad land was supposed to be given to farmers but instead railroad companies would give it to other railroad companies
railroad companies would also enter in formal agreements for fixed prices with kept farmer in dept
-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?
grangers were a group of people usually poor people or farmers and they formed group that fought back against the failroads
granger laws were set up in response to the abuses by the railroads
granger laws set up in response to the abuses by the railroadsthe government also fought against railroads by making laws
the farmers labor union basicly
the Inerstate Commerce Act (government act allowing the govenment to regulate the railroads)
Ch. 6.3:
-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.
born in Dunfermile, Scottland
moved to us in 1846 he was 12
by 18 he had a job as a personal secretary: Superintendent of Penn. Railroad
single handedly untangled a snare of passanger and freight trains
Carnegie Steel opened his first steel mill in 1875
-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller.
born on july 8th 1839 Richford, NY
raised money growing up by raising turkeys and doing hosehold chores
by 16 he had his first real job. An assistant book keeper at a library.
already showed early signs of being a major player in business
in June 1870 Rockefeller formed Standard Oil of Ohio
-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?
The process of natural selecton applied to business
Herbert Spencer was the first man to apply the process to business
he used to it to explain how guman society was evolving
eventually people started using it to justify the doctrine of Laissez Faire
-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).
a monoply is when one company controls almost all business involving a good or service
standard oil, microsoft, etc.
vertical and gorizontal integration and trusts were the most common tactics for monoplies
-How did the government try to regulate business?
Sherman Anti-trust Act
the Doctine stated: The marketplace couldn't be regulated because it was controlled by natural law
this was supported by many people including william G Summer, a professor at Vale
-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?
Group of workers joining together for a certain cause
blacks, whites, men, women, children all were involved
to get better working conditions was there goal. Fewer hours, better pay etc.
Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.
labor unions did not succeed at first because nobody took them seriously because everyone was scared to join and loose their job
Knights of Labor
The Wobblies
Ch. 7.1:
Why did immigrants come to the US?
-At first they were called birds of passage adn they temporarily immigrate to the US to earn money and then go back
promise of a better life
escape femine
land shortages
religios/political persecution
push & pull Factors
Where did immigrants come from?
1870-1920 europeans
1907 Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Russia
1851-1883 chineese
Mexico
Cuba
Puerto Rico
Japan
Jamaica
What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?
steamship (small confined areas, culdn't get much air, slept in lice infested bunks, disease spread quickly)
Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?
Because it was one of the major immigration station in the US (Elise Island)
They had to pass a physical exam
Had to have at least 25 dollars
Harsh questioninglong detention waiting to answer the questions (Angel Island)
people didn't like them for being immigrants
-they felt that the immigratants were taking jobs from americans because they would accept less pay
Ch. 7.2
Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
cities were the cheapest
offered unskilled laborers steady jobs
schools
religion, culture, tradition, language
migration from country to cities, farmers lost their jobs so they had to find work in the cities
What problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population?
their wasn't alot of housing
1879 government passed a law saying houses had to have airshafts, garbage pickup, and plumbing
transportation- 1873 street cars came, 1897 electric subways
water- 1870's filtering and chlorination was introduced
sanitation- sewage, manure, smoke, garbage
crime- police forse started in 1844 because of all the crime that was happening
fire- no water, wood hosing, candles, peoposed fire, 1900 full time fire department, 1874 automatic fire sprinkler, replace wood housing
What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?
Jane Adams- beleived that the settlement houses would help all the problems of the cities because the workers would know how to help the ptoblems
She set up the Social Gospel Movement - group that tried to reach out to the people that were living in poverty
Ch. 7.3
the gilded age- to be covered with gold, on the outside things looked great (military getting better, new inventions) inside things were horrible and had to get fixed (farmers were in debt, cities were a mess)
What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?
organized group that controlled the activities of a political party and also offered services to voters and businesses in exchange for political or finantial support
they helped the city by buliding parks and other places like that
It was like a perimid
*base were local workers and captains who gained voters support
*ward bosses helped the pooor to gain their vote
*at the top was the city boss who controlled the activities for the political party
*political boss was the head of the political machine
Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.
William M Tweed or Boss Tweed became the head of Tammany Hall New Yorks powerful Democratic political machin in 1868
was accused of 120 counts of fraud and extortion and as sentenced to 12 years in jail later reduced to 1 year
after he left he was arrested for another charge and escaped durring his second sentence
Tweed Ring- corrupt group of polititians lead by Boss Tweed
Boss Tweed drew the image of santa clause
What caused all this corruption in government?
What laws came about to reform government?
Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883-
Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president?
Rutherford B Hayes-
elected president in 1876
he was a reform president
set up a commissin to investigate teh nations customhouses which were corrupt
Grover Cleaveland-
he was the canidate who was elected when the democratic pary won a presidential election for the first time in 28 years
he was a reform president
tried to lower tariff rates but congress refused to support
Chester A Arthur-
was on of Conklings (a corrupt rich guy) supporters
was nominated by republicans to balance out Garfields ties to reformers
Benjamin Harrison-
he was status quote
was the grandson of president william henry harrison
his campaign was financed by large contrubutions from companies that wanted tariffs higher
James A Garfield-
was status quote then turned reform
was the ohio congressmen
when neighter the stalwarts or reformers could win
Ch. 8.1:
-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?
Ch. 8.2:
-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
Ch. 8.3:
-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?
-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.
Ch. 8.4:
-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's.
Ch. 9.1
-Define the Progressive Era and why it started(goals).
-What is prohibition? Why did people want prohibition to come about? What tactics were used to bring about prohibition?
-Describe the impact aid organizations had on our country.
-What did the 18th Amendment do and why did people want it?
-What is socialism? How was it started in the United States?
-What/who were muckrakers and what impact did they have on our country?
-What did local government do to reform itself during the Progressive Era?
-What did businesses do to bring better efficiency to their business?
-What did the progressives do to make the workplace safer?
-What did the progressives do to help end or reduce child labor?
-What did progressives do to help workers reduce the number of hours they had to work?
-What did progressives do to bring about better wages for workers?
-What did progressives do to make our country more democratic?
-What did the 17th Amendment do?
Ch. 9.2
-Describe the major social changes that affected women during the Progressive Era.
-Describe women's push for suffrage(voting) and the passing of the 19th Amendment.
-Describe some women who were leaders in the push for suffrage and temperance.
Ch. 9.3
-Describe the major accomplishments of Teddy Roosevelt as President.
-Square Deal
-Breaking up strikes
-Regulating railroads
-Regulating food and drugs
-Conservation
-Civil Rights
Ch.9.4
-Describe the major accomplishments and problems of William Howard Taft's presidency
-Payne-Aldrich Tariff
-Land disputes
-Breaking up trusts
-You will have to look elsewhere for some other accomplishments as the book is limited
-Break-up of the Republican Party
-Describe the outcome of the 1912 Presidential Election.
Ch. 9.5
-Describe the major accomplishments/issues of Woodrow as President.
-Breaking up trusts
-Underwood Tariff
-16th Amendment
-Federal Reserve System
-Limits to Progressivism under Wilson
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