Ch. 5.2:
-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains?
gave work to settlers and travel. offered 160 Free to any head of the household. (1862)
-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains?
Droughts, floods, fires, blizzards, insects, NA raids, crop growing
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?
Expensive,
Ch. 5.3:
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?
vicious economic cycle, prices for crops were falling, and banks were foreclosing
-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in?
movement of the common people-demanded reforms to lift debt of farmers.
increase in money supply, graduated income tax (more $ you make- more you pay in taxes), Federal loan program, single terms for presidents, secret ballot (voting is in secret), 8 hour work day, restriction on immigration.
Ch. 6.1:
-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?
wealth of resources, govt support for business (laissez-fairre), growing urban population supplied cheap labor and markets for new products
-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?
internal combustion engine, dynamite, typewriter, electric motor, telephone, phongraph, lightbulb, radio, motion pictures, x-ray
Ch. 6.2:
-What impact did railroads have on the US?
easier way to get to the west, brought available land, new start, deaths from several effects, trade
-Why were many people upset with the railroads?
farmers- misuse of land that was supposed to be given to farmers, kept farmers in debt with high fixed prices
-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?
Grangers- group of poor people fighting against railroads, laws set up in response to the abuses by the railroads.
Interstate Commerce Act of 1887-made to regulate to regulate railroad industry and prevent railroad monopolies. Help farmers to get out of debt.
Ch. 6.3:
-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.
moved to USA in 1846, entered the steel industry in 1873 (Carnegie Steel), opened first steel mill in 1875.
-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller.
first job as assistant book keeper, June 1870 Rockefeller formed Standard Oil of Ohio
-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?
process of natural selection applied to business-used to explain how human society was evolving
-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).
Monopoly-one company controls almost all business doing the same service
Vertical: Buying your own products to control, and raw materials
Horizontal: combining with companies to make similar products
-How did the government try to regulate business?
sherman Anti-trust act, Doctrine of Laissez Faire (market place couldn't be regulated because it was controlled by natural law)
-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?
group of workers joining together for a certain cause. to get better working conditions-fewer hours, better pay, etc.
-Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.
Not at first. people did not take them seriously and would just hire others who would would work for less. As they became more poplular things started to change. Great Strike of 1877, Haymarket Affair (ended killing many people and slowed down the labor movement), Homestead Strike (held people captive from June 29-July 12)
Ch. 7.1:
Why did immigrants come to the US?
would come temporarily for money then return, better life, religious reasons, pushed out of country, gold.
Where did immigrants come from?
western and northern Europe-Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Russia. China and Mexico, Japan, Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico.
What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?
small confined areas-disease spread quickly on steam ships, lice, unsanitary conditions, no exercise
Had to pass inspections to be allowed into the country, physical and monetary and hard questioning, Ellis Island, find a place to live, get a job.
language/culture barriers
Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?
religious beliefs, literacy tests, languages, thought they were taking jobs from them, racists
-Chinese Exclusion Act- 1882-1943 banned all entry to Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials. 1902 all entry was banned untill 1943
-Gentlemen's agreement- Japan's government limited emigration of unskilled workers in exchange for no segregation
Ch. 7.2
Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
cheaper, steady jobs, schools, common religion, culture, tradition, and language, farmers moved because of job loss
What problems did cities face due to the rapid increase in population?
housing-had to share, in 1879 passed laws for airshafts, garbage pickup, plumbing; transportation-mass transit, 1873 street cars, 1897 subways; Water- filtration in 1870's, chlorination in 1908; Sanitation-sewage, manure, smoke, garbage; Crime-police force in 1844; Fire-water, woodhousing, candles, 1900 full time fire department, 1874 automatic fire sprinkler, replace wood housing
What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?
Jane Adams-started settlement houses, racial justice
Social Gospel Movement-preached salvation to the people, reached out to the people that were living in poverty.
Police force, fire department
Ch. 7.3
Guilded age-covered in gold, looked good on the outside
What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?
group of people who organize activities of a political party offered services to voters and business in exchange of support. Base=workers and captains who gained support, ward bosses, city boss, political boss.
Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.
head of the New York Democtatic Political Machine-Tammany Hall. accused of 120 counts of fraud.
Tweed Ring- 1869 and 1871 corrupt group of polititians, were given the extra money that taxpayers paid
What caused all this corruption in government?
What laws came about to reform government?
Pendalton Civil Service Act-required government officials to prove they were worthy
Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes- reform, James Garfield-status quo turned reform, Chester Arthur-status quo, Grover Cleveland- reform, Benjamin Harrison-status quo, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president(stalwarts)?
Ch. 8.1:
-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?
Ch. 8.2:
-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
Ch. 8.3:
-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?
-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.
Ch. 8.4:
-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's.
Ch. 9.1
-Define the Progressive Era and why it started(goals).
-What is prohibition? Why did people want prohibition to come about? What tactics were used to bring about prohibition?
-Describe the impact aid organizations had on our country.
-What did the 18th Amendment do and why did people want it?
-What is socialism? How was it started in the United States?
-What/who were muckrakers and what impact did they have on our country?
-What did local government do to reform itself during the Progressive Era?
-What did businesses do to bring better efficiency to their business?
-What did the progressives do to make the workplace safer?
-What did the progressives do to help end or reduce child labor?
-What did progressives do to help workers reduce the number of hours they had to work?
-What did progressives do to bring about better wages for workers?
-What did progressives do to make our country more democratic?
-What did the 17th Amendment do?
Ch. 9.2
-Describe the major social changes that affected women during the Progressive Era.
-Describe women's push for suffrage(voting) and the passing of the 19th Amendment.
-Describe some women who were leaders in the push for suffrage and temperance.
Ch. 9.3
-Describe the major accomplishments of Teddy Roosevelt as President.
-Square Deal
-Breaking up strikes
-Regulating railroads
-Regulating food and drugs
-Conservation
-Civil Rights
Ch.9.4
-Describe the major accomplishments and problems of William Howard Taft's presidency
-Payne-Aldrich Tariff
-Land disputes
-Breaking up trusts
-You will have to look elsewhere for some other accomplishments as the book is limited
-Break-up of the Republican Party
-Describe the outcome of the 1912 Presidential Election.
Ch. 9.5
-Describe the major accomplishments/issues of Woodrow as President.
-Breaking up trusts
-Underwood Tariff
-16th Amendment
-Federal Reserve System
-Limits to Progressivism under Wilson
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