The Industrial Revolution was a period from 1750 to 1850 where changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social economic and cultural conditions of the time. Inventions- Steamboats in 1807, railroads, telegraph invented by Samuel F. B. Morse in 1844. Telephone- invention greatly changed daily lives of ordinary people, Electric lighting in mid 1800s- used in homes, buildings, streets and cities, lit by gas, cotton gin- great affect on production of clothing and other materials. Railroads and steamboats had a big impact on how goods and people were transported over water and land. They took less amount of time. Andrew Carnegie- One of the captains of industry of the 19th century, helped build formidable American steel industry, turned a poor young man into one of the riches entrepreneurs of the age, was born in Dunfermline, the medieval capital of Scotland, in 1835, invented mass production of steel. Because of his immigration, he was pro workers, so he paid his workers better than anyone else. He thought they should start a union to talk. John D. Rockefeller, born in Richford, NY in 1839, made lots of money through gas and oil. Social Darwinism is a belief popular in late Victorian era in England, America and elsewhere, which states that the strongest or fittest should survive and flourish in society, while thhe wear and unfit should be allowed to die. Herbert Spencer is credited with being first to make this extrapolation of Darwinism thought to human societal and ethical behavior. the idea that survival of the fittest and if you have the best business idea or theory, your business deserves to survive and flourish. if you cannot think of a good idea to make money or manage money, your business deserves to crumble. Roosevelt- despite many successful prosecutions during his administration, Roosevelt realized that the trust problem would not be resolved by judicial review and that a more organized approach was needed. He was trying to bust up many monopolies. 1902 Beef trust- in 1902, Roosevelt's administration brought suit against the giants of the railroad industry and the Beef Trust. Labor units- Labor movement in US grew out of need to protect common interest workers, for those in industrial sector, organized labor unions, fought for better wages, reasonable hours and safer working conditions. The labor movement led efforts to stop child labor, give health benefits and provide aid to workers who were injured or retired.
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