Ch. 6.1:
-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?
lots of natural resources, government supported business (laissez-faire), cheap labor, drilling, refining and using oil, iron and coal deposits found, steel was made a quicker way- Henry Bessemer, later replaced by Open Hearth Process- make steel from scrap metal, steel- strong and flexible could build things higher and stronger,
-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?
better ways to make steel, safer and cheaper electricity, light bulb, typewriter, telephone, this allowed woman to get a job in 1910 woman made up 40% of the work force
Ch. 6.2:
-What impact did railroads have on the US?
people dreamed about coming to the US to have land and a fresh start, 2,000 people died and 20,000 were injured, railroads made our country United, time zones were created, promoted trade and independence, new towns were made along railroad lines, helped cities grow and branch out
-Why were many people upset with the railroads?
stock holders overcharged tax payers, people were upset with the misuse of land grants because the railroads sold to businesses instead of farmers, government gave customers different hauling rates,
-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?
the sponsored and voted for their own political candidates to protect their way of life from the railroads, congress passed the ICA- was designed to address issues of federal abuse, example- shipping rates had to be reasonable rates had to be published
Ch. 6.3:
-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.
Born on November 25, 1835, came to America at age 12 from Scotland, after 6 years he became a secretary for the local superintendent for the Pennsylvania Railroad, he was rewarded by his boss to buy stock, used his money to buy a house, left the railroad company, bought a steel mill 'Carnegie Steel', manufactured more steel than all British steel mills, sold his steel mill in 1901 and worked on management work, set up libraries, public, institutions, and a college, died in 1919, MANAGEMENT PRACTICES- better way to make products for cheaper, offered people stock for doing well, Vertical Integration- bought out supplies to control systems, Horizontal Integration- companies producing similar products merge,
-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller.
established the Standard Oil Company-1870 was when it was getting popular, he wanted to treat everybody equally and he wanted the future good will of his partners and employees
-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?
started by Charles Darwin, means that the states who have the fittest will strive in the society, those who were poor were automatically weak and lazy, the people who believed in Darwinism thought that they were superior, you were either rich or poor; no in between, lazy and uneducated-chosen to be in poverty, People of Darwinism thought poor people would ruin society, Andrew Carnegie believed the rich should become richer, POSITIVE- certain businesses started to strive, Andrew Carnegie didn't give things to the poor, NEGATIVE- bad for small businesses because they didn't have great workers, big businesses took over smaller businesses.
-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).
Vertical Integration- bought out supplies to control systems, Horizontal Integration- companies producing similar products merge,
-How did the government try to regulate business?
mergers- when one corporation bought out the stock of another to become one.
-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?
a union of workers working together to get better pay, formed in 1886 by William Syvis,
-Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.
Ch. 7.1:
Why did immigrants come to the US?
wanted to escape from difficult conditions- famine, land shortages, religious or political persecutions, they were promised a better life, push and pull factors, Gold Rush,
Where did immigrants come from?
Europe, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Russia, China, Japan,
What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?
took about a week on Atlantic from Europe, and about 3 weeks on Pacific from Asia. crowded, no fresh air or exercise, had to sleep in lice infected bunks, share toilets with many other passengers, disease spread quickly, some even died before they reached land. they had to go through inspections when they got to Ellis Island, about 20% got detained for a day or more before being accepted, they had to pass physical examination, if you had a health problem, you were sent home, the ones that passed were sent to government inspection, were questioned about legal requirements, felonies, being able to work, and whether they had some money, estimated 17 million immigrants passed through the facility, 1892-1924- Ellis Island was the major immigration center. once they got to America, the faced challenges such as finding a job, a place to live, and living a daily life with a different language. faced segregation,
Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?
too many came in a time, took American's jobs
1882- Chinese Exclusion Act, didn't let a lot of Chinese people in, 1906- local board of education in San Fransisco segregated Japanese children by putting them in separate schools, under the gentleman's agreement of 1907-1908 Japan's government agreed to limit emigration
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