Today we have the options of either doing:
Message Board Posts
Work on your chapter 9 project
Study for the test on Tuesday, (Maybe Wednesday.)
I am choosing to study!
I also am putting the past days for presentations on here so i can study!
Ch. 5.1:
-Describe Native American culture.
There are four important tribes in the Great Plains. Dakota, Cheyenne, Sioux, and Comanche. The Indians used the buffalo for all their basic needs. Ways to hunt buffalo was on a horse with a bow and arrow. The easier way was to have a group of Indians chase them to the edge of a cliff. They believed in Gods. Indians have powwows. (celebrate great spirit.) Children were taught life lessons through stories. The more feathers you have is better. Women were to put up and take down teepees and raise children. In 1858, people found gold in colorado. This attracted a lot of people.
-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains?
-Describe a cowboy's life.
Worked 10-14 hours. Worked from 15 years old to 40 yrs. old. Cowboys are not all white; African and Hispanic cowboys too. Started in spring with round up. (they rounded up longhorns) Took the Long Drive Trail from Texas to the Mid-West. (No railroads down there so they came up here.)
Custer's last stand was a battle. No survivors. Indians mutilated the soldier's bodies.
Battle of Wounded Knee. Before this, the sioux suffered from poverty and disease. Soldiers killed Sitting Bull. A new 7th Calvary took 350 sioux people to camp wounded knee. They killed the 350 people.Open fences, (open range) ended quickly because of railroads, and farmers put up fences to block of land. Cattle ranchers and farmers didnt like eachother so open range ended. last only 30 years.
-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies?
We constantly made deals with them. In the black hills was found gold. We said sorry native americans, we need to come in and mine. We also made a war against them. Battle of little big horn was a huge battle.
Assimilation- trying to make native americans like the white men. White european settlers.
Dawes Act-gave 160 acres to man to farm. problem, so people dont take it from then. White speculators found loop holes in the law and they found a way to take the land away from them. Dawes act failed!
Forced different treaties on them taking away their land and forciing them to live on bad land. There was the Red River War.
Ch. 5.2:
-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains?
The government gave railroads land. The Homestead Act gave settlers land. This had 3 steps. 1) File an application. 2)Improve the land. 3) File for deed of life. A lot of rich land speculators would hire people to put down seed and make it a farm, (Problem) They took advantage of this system.
-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains?
In 1890, the Census Bureau closed the Frontier preventing settlers from moving farther west. (This was for a new life.)
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?
Land was very dry. Soil wasnt good, so John Deere invented better farming equipment to make this easier. Women were in charge of feeding, making clothes, and children. (a lot of work.Women had it tough.)
Ch. 6.1:
-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?
-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?
Thomas Edison-invented electrical vote recorder, phonograph(record and play back sounds),he improved the light bulb when it was already fifty years old, improved telegraph system several times.bult power station.
Electric companies started to grow in cities. Invented the kinetoscope(first motion-picture camera.) invented over a thousand inventions.
Christopher Sholes-invented type writer,in 1868, He worked with edison and james densmore to improve type writer.
Alexander Graham Bell-invented telephone,photophone-transmission, made wax phonograph records.
How lives changed: lights and phones are everywhere. Type writer was popular until computer was invented. Phonograph was beginning of recording like record players, CD's, radios, CD players. Sailing in cold waters became safer to graham's iceberg detector.
Ch. 6.2:
-What impact did railroads have on the US?
with more railroads, more cities were developed. Trading among cities. George M. Pullman founded rail cars. Crdit Mobilier basically stole money easily.Created Cities, moved people,Needed better ways to get to places. government gave grants. (good for businesses.) Transcontinental Railroad- there was a gold spike which marked it. Accidents killed people. Central Pacific Railroad- chinese workers with white workers. whites got more money because of racism. Time Zones were pushed for by the railroads.
-Why were many people upset with the railroads?
The scandals. people lost trust. Farmers had to pay bug preices to move goods they produced. Could be expensive. Farmers wanted a set price.Farmers were upset with them for the open range they wanted. which didnt last.
-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?
founded the grange of the patrons of husbandry. He surveyed land and said it wasnt fair to farmers so he tried to unite the farmers in a secret way to change that. People took farmers more seriously, got more education and prices were set more fairly.Granger laws benefit farmers. railroads took advantage of farmers for their money. Laws helped farmers to help say for example, "you cant charge more than $2 to farmers."
Munn vs. IL.
Interstate Commerce Act(similar to granger laws.) allowed federal government to set railroad rates. (between states.) (Between States.)
Interstate Commerce Commission- people who went around seeing whether railroads were beiing fair to farmers.
Ch. 6.3:
-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.
Rags to riches guy. got fortune from steel.
Born poor. Worked hard! Eventually became really rich. Carnegie Steel Company.
-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller.
Rockefeller is standard oil company. oil was huge business in 1800's. Rockefeller would undersell. (This is how he made so many sales.) People cant compete with his prices.
philanthropist. (gives away a lot of money.) andrew gave money to libraries. he wantedd
-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?
-Evolution! Strong survive, weak do not.Big businesses are strong, small ones are weak, driving companies out of business.
-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).
(Vertical/horizontal integration trusts are how they are formed. (horizontal integration is when an Oil company A trying to buy out Oil Company B.) It can be other companies too. Vertical integration is when your trying to buy out a railroad. (Buy your own railroad line for example.) In order for you to do this, your company would need a lot of money to own everything.
-How did the government try to regulate business?
By the sherman anti-trust Act. Trust=monopoly. Sherman anti-trust act tried to break up monopolies. This made it ILLEGAL to make trust to trade with states.
-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?
People who unite together to try to get better wages and labor conditions for work.
-Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.
At first, govrnment was against them, so no. but after while, Yes, but started off very slow! (minimum wage,overtime, child labor laws, insurance, weekends off (to not work))
Ch. 7.1:
-Why did immigrants come to the US?
escape religious problems. not enough land to farm, to get their own land. live freely.
-Where did immigrants come from?
Came from europe and ireland and later austria and hungary.
-What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?
squished when migrating, unable to get fresh air or exercise, diseases, sleep in lousy bunks and shared toilets with others.Had to go through an inspection, if passed they made it. If not, they were sent back home.
-Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?
anti-immigration feelings came about because people did not want to change the way they lived. Anti-chinese,anti-catholic.
Ch. 7.2
Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
What problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population?
-Garbage was picked up infrequently, so people sometimes dumped it in the air shafts.
-Mass Transit- transportation sytems designed to move large numbers of people on routes.
-Cities struggled to repair old transit systems and to build new ones to meet the peoples needs.
-Faced issue of supplying safe drinking water. Diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever spread with the disgusting water quality.
-The limited water supply contributed to the spread of fire! Firefighters were volunteers then, so when a fire happened, not many people were available when needed.
-The San Francisco earthquake destroyed more in less time than the great chicago fire by A LOT.
-As cities grew, a problem of trying to keep the city clean was a problem. contractors were hired to sweap the streets, collect garbage, and more but often did not do their jobs properly.
-As population increased, so did crime. There was not an organized police and law enforcements units were too small to have an impact on crime.
What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?
-Settlement House Movement- because people wanted the poor to have more say then what they already had.
-A settlement house is a community center aimed to help the poor.
-The Hull house in chicago is very known today, Jane Adams found it in 1889 with Ellen Star.This was the first major effort to help the poor.
-People started the Social Gospel Movement- said that God wants us to help the poor.
-Organized Police and Firefighters helped cities out for fires and crimes.
Ch. 7.3
What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?
-An organized group that controlled activities of a political party in a city. also offered services in exchange for support.
-Tammany Hall-famous political machine. (Not an actual machine) Also, found in New York. In this building, people would organize events, talk to people, and write letters.
-Pyramid- The base is local workers and captains, reported to a ward boss. In Election time, ward boss secured votes. Also, help the poor and gained their votes. The Top-city boss controlled activities of political.
Bottom is base. Middle is Bosses. Top is Top Dog. Seperated by power and...
Political Boss sometimes was the actual mayor, controls jobs, provide support for new businesses, and solved problems to gain support. Bosses did positive things, and some negative.
-Immigrants and the machine-The Machine helped immigrants to get full citizenship, housing, and jobs.
Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.
Election of 1876. Electoral Commission. Let hayes be president, we have reconstruction done.
-Boss tweed is head of tammany hall. made a lot of money in fraud. He was arrested on 120 counts of fraud and extorsion.
Thomas nast-few people who werent bought off by tweed.
Tammany hall is in new york.
Tweed Ring was people saying other people did it.
-Businesses wanted high tariffs which is a government tax on imports and exports. Democrats did not like this. The President wasnt able to lower them. Tariff was a huge issue in this time!
President Cleveland wanted to lower tariffs. Harrison was elected president later and he raised tariffs.
What caused all this corruption in government?
Spoil System!
What laws came about to reform government?
Pendleton Civil Service Act-estabolished a merit based system. (selection, supervision) also made it illegal to fire or demote employess for political reasons.
-People had to take tests to show they are worth this. Make sure people are right for the job, not people who just gave you money to get the job.
Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president?
--This is an era of republicans. and era of unknown presidents. Three presidents shot and killed.
-Leave it as it is(status quo)
Patronage- known as spoil system. Large range of jobs given because of patronage.GIve high government positions.
-Reform- good people of u.s. pushed for patronage. These people are known as reformers. Its not fair because people did not deserve this because other people could have went to college and they did not get the job. Followed merit system.
Hayes supported reform, he fired two of the top officials customhouse.
Ch. 8.1:
-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?
Ch. 8.2:
-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
1865-1895 children were required to go to school. ages 8-14. (middleschool) stopped to help wih farming. students didnt like school because of physical punishment.
-started making kindergartens, which is convenient for mothers. married or pregnant werent allowed to teach. private schools started in early 1900's, (rich kids went here.)
Paper helped people to read and write, newspapers cheaper positive affect on education.
Ch. 8.3:
-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?
Blacks were robbed of their voting rights. Civil Rights act of 1965.
-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.
Supreme court case. stated that blacks and white could be seperated as long as they were equal. But were seperate and unequal. People said if they are going to seperate us, then they need to make things equal. Equal facilities. Seperating is whats racism.
Brown vs. board of education of texas is what forced races back together.
-KKK intimidate african americans from voting.
People who did the bad acts, they didnt get blamed for it because people were racist and didnt care about blacks.
Put into place segregation laws. White and Blacks.
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