-Describe Native American culture. Native americans hunted buffalo and they later got guns to shoot the buffalo better. Land, Farming and got better as went on. Gold
-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains? Lived in family groups. Men trained to be hunter and worries and then they would butcher the meat. The gold Rush was Black hills and which Custer south Dakota.
-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies? Congress passed Dawes Act. Atc didbanded and gave land to individual native americans Gave land
-Describe a cowboy's life. Roping, and did a lot of things with cattle. Guided cattle from terretorries
Ch. 5.2
-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains? Railroads sped up supplies to get from place to place. Homestead act is an act that lets cizitens or person signing up for citizen to have up to 160 acres and use it for farming. they got the land for free.
-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains? Bad weather, like rain, raids of native american, and snow.
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains? It was dry and crops couldnt grow vey well. 25% of cowboys were african americans Typical drive had 250 to 300 head of cattle. Cowboys had risk of thunderstorms
Ch. 5.3:
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains? Buying to much land to quick and getting in debt. Crop prices dropped. The market was holding 2.00 dollar a bushel then dropped to .68 dollar a bushel.
-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in? Is the movement of people. It was farmers and lower class people that were struggling with debt. Eight hour work days and rstrictions on immigarants. Popular vote is the people's vote. Populaist believed in
Ch. 6.1:
-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's? Urban Population that provided cheap labor and markets for new products. Bussiness expanded and made country basically number one.
-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives? Thomas Alva Edison made the first incandescent light bulbs. Steel plow was made to loosen the ground becasue it was very hard. Christopher Sholes made the type write. Telephone was invented be ALexander Graham bell and Thomas Augustus.
Ch. 6.2:
-What impact did railroads have on the US? Made moving west easier. Also moving supplies went faster. Made towns larger and cities to be developed.
-Why were many people upset with the railroads? Made short trips cost more because there wasnt another carrier to use and knew farmers had to use it. Railroads fixed prices to keep farmers in debt. Land grants to bussiness instead of settlers.
-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads? Pushed granger laws- this established maximum freight and passenger rates and prohibited discrimination. It help protect farmers. Interstate commerce act- allowed the federal government to supervise railroad activities and formed an interstate commerce commision.
Ch. 6.3:
-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.Born in Scottland in 1836. He was poor when he moved into the US. for 6 years he worked his way up to private secretary at the pennsylvania Railroad company. Left the railroad company and started at Carnegie steel company.
-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller. Born in 1839. Established Standard oil company. Joined with competing companies in trusts agreements. used trusts to gain control of the entire oil industry. started charging really high to beat competition.
-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business? Theory that success and failure in business was governed by natural law and no one had the right to intervene. They coudnt stop big bussiness from being big. bigger businesses buy out all smaller bussiness
-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts). Monopolies is totally controll on like an oil company. Horizontal integration when companies producing similar products merge or get bought out be other companies. Trusts is participants turn their stock over to a group of trustess. people who rant the separate companies as one large corporation. In return the companies were entitled to dividents on profits earned by the trust. refer to page 242 for vertical and horizontal integration.
-How did the government try to regulate business? Government was concearned that expanding corporations would stifle free competion. Shetman Antitrust act made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or countries. Sherman act was hard to enforece because it didnt clearly
-What are labor unions and what is their purpose? Are organization that workers join. Formed to protect workers from being underpaid and overworked. Now days they for to make sure everything is done. One type is by certain skill/ craft each person does. Industrial unions are where people of the same industry that do different things organize together.
Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples. They at first were not very good because they worried about loosing there job. Yes, later they were more successufully.
Ch. 7.1:
Why did immigrants come to the US? Many of them were lured by the promise of a better life. Some immigrants left their countries to escape difficult conditions. came to live here for money and then would go back home and were called of birds of passing.
Where did immigrants come from? Came from countries in western and noethern europe before 1990. About a million people came from Russia, italy, Austrai-hungary in 1907 alone.
What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here? They were crowded and were not allowed anywhere else. Under dirty conditions it spreaded diseases. Then it was ellis island.
Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions? race reasons. Banned all chinese except students, teachers, merchants.
Ch. 7.2
Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's? Cheap, farmers moved in because of new inventions like steel plow and reapers.
What problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population? Needed services and safe living conditions. Fires- they organzed fire fighters, Dirty water- chlorination and infilteration helped that.
What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities? Jane addams found a house that people could be helped in the house. police officers and fires fighter helped out.
Ch. 7.3
What was the political machine and what did they do for a city? IS a network of people that all strive to have their party leader elected.
Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring. Boss tweed was the leader in polictical machine. Stole million of dollars from political machines.
What caused all this corruption in government? Patronage, and spoiled systems
What laws came about to reform government? Pendleton service act- government jobs. People had to take examinations to proove that they could get this job. Gorman Tariff-lowered taxes
Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president? Stalmwarts- Rutherford, Garfield was a reformer and was killed because of arthur, arthur was. Cleveland was democrat , harrison
Ch. 8.1:
-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems? Buildings being to close and starting fires. skyscrapers, eletric streetcars to get rid of hosrse problem. Airplanes , kodak camera, automobile, amsment parks, sports like baseball, boxing, tennis.
Ch. 8.2:
-How did education change in the 1800's and early 1900's? education became better in teaching people. More people graduated and didnt drop out. more are going out to college and get better education.
Ch. 8.3:
-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?
states limtied voting only the people who could read and made them take a literacy test. poll tax.
-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson. 1892 a man name homer Plessy sat in whites only car of a train and refused to move. Plessy was arrested, tired and convicted for breaking a louisiana segregation law.
Ch. 8.4:
-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's.Coney island had a roller coaster and was mad ein 1884. bicycles was made in 1880's. Baseball started in 1860's. Tennis was oringinated in North Wales in 1873. Art- most cities had art places by 1900's.
Ch. 9.1
-Define the Progressive Era and why it started(goals). ! 1890 to 1920 a time where people worked to reform the government and correct social problems by taking power anway from rich and giving to needed people. Goals- Promoting Moral improvement, Creating economic reform-
-What is prohibition? Why did people want prohibition to come about? What tactics were used to bring about prohibition? Prohibition would destroy people. Tatics were WDCU and carrie nation.
-Describe the impact aid organizations had on our country. YMC, salvation army- go there and have fun.
-What did the 18th Amendment do and why did people want it?
-What is socialism? How was it started in the United States?
-What/who were muckrakers and what impact did they have on our country? they were journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass magazines. Ida m Tarbell wrote a book, The History of the Standard Oil Company,
-What did local government do to reform itself during the Progressive Era?
-What did businesses do to bring better efficiency to their business? Fostering Efficiency- assembly line like Henry Ford to speed things up and easier.
-What did the progressives do to make the workplace safer? shortend day so people were more happy to work and not be tired at the job.
-What did the progressives do to help end or reduce child labor? Made laws and banned children under 14. Only so many hours in one day- went from 10 hours to 8 hours a day.
-What did progressives do to help workers reduce the number of hours they had to work? Making work more efficent and easier for worker and also paaying more, cutting hours down.
-What did progressives do to bring about better wages for workers? Safer conditons, like if you get hurt or sick you get paid while your getting better.
-What did progressives do to make our country more democratic?
-What did the 17th Amendment do? made is so each state had to elect senators by direct electon instead of by the stats legislature. Direct elcetion means people choose.
Ch. 9.2
-Describe the major social changes that affected women during the Progressive Era. Going to work in the factories more, going to college more.
-Describe women's push for suffrage(voting) and the passing of the 19th Amendment. They tried to get voting at state levels, they felt like they should vote.
-Describe some women who were leaders in the push for suffrage and temperance. Susan B. Anthony was leader in suffrage and Elizabeth Cady Stanton united with NAWSA. Carrie Nation.
Ch. 9.3-Describe the major accomplishments of Teddy Roosevelt as President. He was the 26th US president. Roosevelt saved million of acres in forests to save the forests natural beauty. Teddy solved many forign policy's.-Square Deal. Preached that he would not favor one particular group of americans. The square deal would also show up later in the strikes and somewhat controlling the economy.
-Breaking up strikes. He wouldnt take sides so he listened to all sides of a strike in a twisted way.
-Regulating railroads. Hepburn act was passed in 1906. Designed to disallow the use of monoply. Railroad was also giving free passes to those who supported the railroad expanding greatly.
-Regulating food and drugs. Complaints anout unsanitary conditions i nthe kill house for meat the FDA was then established. Dangerous ingredients in medicines were being used and were cuasing harms to people.-Conservation. Roosevelt is known as the first iver "green" president. saved natural land. Set up crop growth in the arid west be using irrigation.-Civil Rightstrust buster- Breaking up monoplies.Ch.9.4-Describe the major accomplishments and problems of William Howard Taft's presidency. Payne-Aldrich tariff. Government had authority to fix interstate commerce rates.
-Payne-Aldrich Tariff- that lowered rates on imported
-Land disputes- Next taft angered conservationists by appointing as his secretary of the interior Richard A. Ballinger. He was a wealthy lawyer from seattle, disapproved of conservationist controls on western lands, and he removed 1 million acres of forest.-Breaking up trusts. Two most famous antitrusts cases under Taft were the Standard Oil Company of New jersey and the American Tobacco Company.-You will have to look elsewhere for some other accomplishments as the book is limited.-Break-up of the Republican Party. progressives and the Republic conservatives split over taft's support of the political boss Joseph Cannon, he was the House speaker from Illnois.Bull Moose Party.Wilson-democrats,-Describe the outcome of the 1912 Presidential Election. Progressice platform called the New Freedom-New freedom even stronger legislative.Ch. 9.5-Describe the major accomplishments/issues of Woodrow as President.-Breaking up trusts-Underwood Tariff-16th Amendment-Federal Reserve System-Limits to Progressivism under WilsonClayton antitrust act-Broke up monoplies.Federal trade commision-was established in 1914- investigated companies for monoply.
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