- Socrates:
- Philosopher
- Plato's teacher
- didn't write anything down
- Most known for teaching and comminication skills
- Background:
- Spent all of his life in Athens except for his Military time
- on the legislative council of 500
- Almost nothing is known of his childhood
- Beliefs:
- believed that the best way for ppl to live their lives is to focus on self development opposed to the pursuit of material wealth
- Aristotle:
- student of Plato
- wrote 200 trestles only 31 survived
- Father on the field of logic
- Background:
- Born in Stagira
- son of physician to king of Macedon
- tutor for Alexander the Great
- He attended Plato's academy to learn
- created his own school
- Plato:
- Contributed mainly to the philosophy of metaphysics
- Background:
- Best writer in western tradition
- Most influential writer in philosophy
- born into an Athenian family
- After meeting Socrates, Plato turned to philosophy
- Did they know each other?
- Oui
- When Socrates was 60 Plato was 20 and came to him as a pupil
- When Plato was 60 Aristotle was 17 and came to him as a pupil
- Ranks:
- 1st: Aristotle- Great writer. One of the most founding figures in western philosophy
- 2nd: Socrates- Enigmatic figure
- 3rd: Plato- Founder of academy of Athens
- Athena:
- Gods:
- Zeus- God of the sky and weather
- Apollo- God of light
- Artemis- Female god of hunting
- Aphrodite- Female god of love, beauty, pleasure, and procreation
- Posedion- God of the sea, rivers, flood and drought, earthquakes, and horses.
- Venus- God of love, beauty, sex, fertility, prosperity, and victory
- Ares- God of War, Battle, civil order, and courage.
- Dionysus- God of Wine and Drunkenness.
- Hephaestus- God of Technology
- Athena- God of wisdom and courage
- Hermes- God of Boundaries and Transitions
- Hades- King of the Underworld and god of death and the dead, wealth of the earth.
- Demeter- God of harvest, grain, and fertility of the earth
- Hestia- Virgin God of hearth and agriculture
- Hera- female god of women and marriage
- Origin of religion:
- Greek religion was a predominant form of early Paganism
- Believed that they had to worship and please the gods
- Why they prayed:
- Prayed to the gods for realigious purposes and worshipped the gods because the believed they controlled the world and controlled everything that happened.
- Monotheist:
- believing in one god
- Ploythist:
- believing in more than one god
- The league was controlled by Sparta and Athens
- They places Athens at the head because of its strong Navy
- The league was land based and water based(could fight both)
- The league took over other cities and forced them to join the league and have a democratic government
- Athenian tactics:
- Avoided engagement with the Spartan infantry
- The Athens were predicted to prevail over Sparta due to superior amount of resources, money, and men
- The Delian League:
- to liberate the Ionian Greeks from Persian rule
- To Safeguard the islands in the Aegean from further Persian aggression
- Key Players:
- Pericles- Promoted the arts and literature, Responsible for rebuilding the Athens, Turned the Delian league in the an Athenian empire
- Persian War
- Darius- 1st King of Persian Empire during 1st Persian War, 490BC
- Themistocles- Athenian admiral at Battle of Salamis
- Xerxes- King of Persian Empire during 2nd Persian War, 480-479 BC
- Miltiades- Athenian general at the Battle of Marathon
- Peloponnesian War:
- Cleon- 1st rep of the commercial class politics
- Nicias- Member of Athnian aristocracy, rival of Cleon, aim to have peace with Sparta
- Alcibiades- Prominent Athenian statesman, orator and general
- Weapons and Armour:
- Persian War:
- Hoplon- Greek weapon made by wood covered by bronze inside is leather
- Peloponnesian War:
- Spears, Shields, Helmets
- Who Participated in the Army:
- All physically male fit citizens 18-60 years old
- Different kinds:
- Peltast:
- lighter infantryman, w/out armor cept a helmet
- armed with long spear and 7 smaller ones
- carried a longer oval shaped shield
- fought in a more open order their job in battle being to protect the flanks and rear of hoplite formations
- Hoplite:
- Heavy infantry
- Wore armor, breastplate, helmet, and greaves
- armed with a long spear, 8-12 feet long, used for thrusting, and large round shield called a hoplon
- Psiloi:
- were the missile troops, completely unarmored
- could be armed with a bow sling or a small spear
- rarely carried shields
- too poor to afford the equipment
- Cavalry:
- some armies also had small numbers of cavalry
- unarmored men in open order armed only with small spheres
- Wore leather or metal armor
- Famous Battles:
- Persian War(492-449BC):
- land and sea
- battle of Marathon took place in the 1st Persian Invasion of Greece and was fought between Athens and Plataea
- Battle of Salamis(480BC):
- Fought in Sept and was fought between the Greek City-States and their enemy Persia
- Defeat at Salamis shifted the War in Greece's favor
- this battle was the most important battle in human history
- Art and Architecture of Athens:
- Key players:
- Theophil Freiherr
- Ictinus
- Prince of Bavaria
- Key buildings:
- Temples:
Parthenon- temple of Partenons built in the 5th century BC
Erechteum- built between 421 and 405 BC - Open Air Theaters:
Open market or agora - Athenian(Ancient Greece)
- Big influence on art and architecture and sculpture
- Pottery:
-Bowls for mixing wine and water
-Jugs and cups to drink water - Black, Red, Yellow and White were main colors of the art
- Painting was a big role
- was a visual
- Paintings on the walls.
- Always wanted it very colorful but as years passed they faded
- Greek sculptures were always painted
- Money:
- decadrachma (43.25 g), tetradrachma(17.2 g), Drachma(4.3 g), and obol( .72 g)
- Hellenistic:
- Art and architecture spread into India
- Excavation of Ali-Khanoum in eastern Afghanistan
- Greco-Buddhist represented a syncretism between Greek art and visual expression of Buddhism
- Success or fail?
- It was a success
You need to be a member of History 360 to add comments!
Comments