Tactics of the millitary
Phalanx- used in battle of Maarathon, one downside is that it is used against cavalry, the horses in the Cavalry would quickly ride around the phalanx and get them from the side.
Naval Warfare- used during the Peloponnasian war, faought by raming other ships.
Key players
Pericles- polititian, democrat, general, Athanian, he ruled athens from 461 BC to 429 BC
Socrates- was not well liked, he was a philosepher, he praised Sparta.
Plato- student of socrates, wrote dialogues that contain most os Soctates ideas
Aristotle - Student of plato
Archemedes- well known mathematician, first to calculate Pi
Delian League- coalition of gReek states and Athenians, it freed lonian Greeks from Persia, it protected the Agena sea.
Famouse Battles
Persian War- major battle: Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis
600 persians died in Marathon.
Thermopylae- 7000 GReeks and 300 Spartans
-stood up to the Persians for a long time.
Salamis- Greeks abandoned athens, fought with naval forces, destroyed mosed of the persian fleet
Peloponnesian War- broke out in 431 and went until 4024
Battle of pylos- 425 BC Athns naval forces were out attacing, over 2000 spartan troops, they tried attacking the sea side wall.
Weaponry and Armor
Swords, Iron knives compared to bronze knives, Arrowheads, sling bullets- steel and clay, shields- bronze, archery, spears.
different kind of soldiers
from age 18 to 60 all physically fit men went tot the military, most soldiers were heavily armored infantry.
Hoplite soldiers were light armored men usaualy poor citizens or trusted slaves.
Peltasts soldiers 20 to 24 years old they were light armored and caried javalins.
Questions
Who was the leader of Athens during much of its Golden age
Name two famous battles of the Persian War
Sea
Greece borders the Ageana sea, the lonian sea and the East mediterranian sea, Greeks thought the sea was beautiful.
Land
The longes river in Greece is the Alkimon
riverbeads tand to dry up
Grapes were very popular in Greece becai\use of the rocky soil.
Goats and sheep were the most common animals in Greece, provided fur, milk, and meat, chicken and gees were also grown and eaten
Climate
mild, rainy winters
relatively warm and dry summers
lots of sunshine all through the year
the mountains adjust the climate.
Anciet Greek trade and colonization
trade was important in greek culture
Farming
little soil and farmland
20 percent of land
Barly , grapes, and olives
made use of 4 million acres for agriculture
diet was based on cereals
home to many olive trees
Mining
Lavrion mines
Greek word Lavra-means narrow passage
Natual recources
iron, bronze, flax, clay, timber, grain, animals
how the land affected the battles
Battle of Thermoplae- narrow coastal
Battle of Salamis- took place on Salamis island, located in Saranic Gulf
Peloponnesian war- Athens vs Peloponnesian league
Different jobs
Farmers- they grew enough to suppert their families, but sometimes they grew a smal surplus to support the town.
Blacksmilths- they used iron and ore to create swords, plows, axes, and other tools
Craftsman- most shps were family owned and small, they could specialize in there work depending on the size of the city where they worked.
doctors/medicine- medicine was limited in the ability to cure diseases , it combined science and religious beliefs.
Merchants-were traders in ancient Greece, they owned boats or rented cargo space on boats.
Bankers- they had a vital role, they changed money from other city-states into local currency, they often loaned money for tade.
Questions
What part of geography helped the Greeks during the batle of Salamis?
What were Greeks main crops and when and were they planted and harvested?
Barly, grapes, and olives.
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