Phalanx down side was horses could ride fast to the weak side and attack them. Used in the battle of Marathon.
Naval Warfare- Peloponnesian war, shipped grain and food into city , ramed unto others ships and borded and threw flaming wood onto other ships.
Pericles- Politician, general, ruled athens and led victories in the Pelopennisian war.
Socrates philosopher, athenian, Athens praised Sparta
Plato was a student of Socrates wrote the dialogues that contain most of socrates ideas
Aristotle student of Plato, Teacher to Alexander the Great.
Archemides first calculated pi
Pythagoras developed the pythagoreum theorum.
Delian League- greek states and athenians
Under the control of athens
Goals= free lonian greeks from persia, Protect the Aegean sea, Use sea power,Persia was run out of the Aegean sea.
Famous battles-
Persian war- Marathon, Thermopylae and salamis
Marathon 25,000 persians met 10,000 Athenians, around 6,000 persians died and not many Athens died.
Thermopylae- 7,000 Greeks and 300 spartans, all 300 died
Salamis- Greeks abandoned Athens, fought with their naval forces, destroyed most of persian fleet.
Peloponnesian war-
Pylos- 425 BC
Athenian naval forces were out attacking Zacynthus
Spartan attacked pylos
2,000 spartan troops and tried attacking sea wall
Spartans failed to capture Pylos before the Athenian army destroyed them.
Weaponry and Armor-
Swords
iron knives compared to bronze knives
arrowheads
sling- bullets- steel and clay
shields bronze
Archery
spears
who participated in the army
Male, 18 years or older, own land, have the mandatoy 2 years military training.
Used to be rich had to buy your own weapons, resulted in small armies.
18 years to 60 went to the military
hoplites were heavily armored soldiers.
wealthier citizens are in the calvary that could raise their own horses.
20 to 24 years of age was the most common soldiers
Hoplite attendants carried their shields until they needed to fight.
Geography-
sea- Shipping people traveled so they could always see the land.
Aliakamon river was the longest and they would dry up in the summer.
grew barley
olive plantations
grapes
goats and sheep were the most common animals in Greece
Chickens and Geese
Oxen donkeys and mules.
rainy winters
relatively warm and dry summers
lots of sunshine
mountains changed the weather.
trade was important, bronze silver gold.
Farming was only on about 20% of the land
diet based on cereals like barley.
Mining silver was plentyful until the Peloponnesian war
Natural resources were iron, bronze, flax, clay, timber, grain
land affected the battles- Mountains
Salamis battle was on sea
peloponnesian war sea helped both sides.
Grew enough to support their families.
They used iron and ore to create swords
Craftsman- beds plows and door frames.
Doctors- didn't know much about medicine.
Merchants- were traders and owned boats.
Bankers- they changed other city states money into local currency
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