PowerPoint one.
Socrates, Plato, Aroustato.
• Socrates- he is a philosopher. Was Plato’s teacher. Didn’t right anything down. Known for teaching and communication skills.
-Spent all life in Athens except for his military time. Served on the legislative council.
- Believed that best way for people to live in their lives is to focus on self-development.
-Formed the idea that intelligence embodied the knowledge of one.
• Aristotle
- Contributed majority in the study and teaching of physics and astronomy.
- -was a student of Plato
- Wrote 200 trestles only 31 survived.
- Father of the field of logic.
- Born in Stagira
- Son of physician to king of Macedon.
- For a while he was the tutor of Alexander the great.
- He created his own school.
• Plato
- Contributed mainly to the philosophy of metaphysics.
- Best writer in western tradition.
- Most influential writer in philosophy.
- Born into an Athenian family.
• Did they know each other?
- Did know each other.
- Plato was student of Socrates.
- Plato met Aristo.
• Ranks
1. Aristotle is ranked first because he is a Greek philosopher.
2. Socrates is 2nd because he is an enigmatic figure, known through classical writers.
3. Plato is 3rd because he is the founder of academy of Athens.
Power Point 2.
• Athena
• Athena gods
- Zeus- God of sky and weather.
- Apollo- God of light, killing snakes.
- Artemis- Female god of hunting, wilderness, and wild animals, also god of childbirth.
- Aphrodite- Female god of love, beauty, pleasure, and procreation.
- Poseidon- Olympian god of the sea, rivers, floods, droughts, earthquakes, and horses.
- Venus- god of love, beauty, sex, fertility, prosperity, and victory.
- Ares- God of war, battle, civil order, and courage.
- Dionysus- God of wine and drunkenness.
- Hephaestus- god of technology.
- Athena- god of wisdom and courage.
- Hermes- god of boundaries and transition.
- Hades- He was the king of the underworld and the god of death and the dead.
- Demeter- God of harvest, grain and fertility of the earth.
- Hestia- Virgin god of hearth and agriculture.
- Hera- Female god of women and marriage.
• Origin of religion
- Greek religion was a predominant form of early Paganism and as a result their religion reflected many central ideas and concepts of earlier forms of Paganism.
• Why they prayed?
- They prayed to the gods for religion purposes and worship the gods because they believed the controlled the world and controlled everything that happened.
• Monotheist and Polytheist
- Monotheist is believed in one god.
- Polytheistic believed in more than on god.
• Religion & Mythology
- Religion is the broader term: besides mythological aspects.
- It includes Ritual, mortality, and mystical experiences.
PowerPoint 3.
Dalian League and military
• The league was controlled by Sparta and Athens.
• Athens was recognized as metropolis.
• They placed Athens at the head because of its strong navy.
What the Dilian league did.
- The league was land based and water based.
- The league took over the other cities and forced them to join their league and have a democratic government.
Athenian Tactics
- Avoided engagement with the Spartan infantry.
- The purpose was to maintain pressure on the enemy occupation to eventually over run it having only few casualties.
The Delian League- Purposes and goals
- To liberate the lonian Greeks from Persian rule.
- To safe guard the islands in the Aegean From further Persian aggression.
- In time the Delian League controlled all the Greek islands.
Key *layers
• Delian War- Promoted the arts and literature.
-Turned the delian league into and Athenian Empire.
-Responsible for rebuilding the Athens.
• Persian War- Themistocles- Athenian Admiral.
- Darius1- King of Persian Empire.
- Xerxes- King of Persian Empire during second Persian War.
- Miltiades- Athenian general.
• Peloponnesian War
- Cleon- first representative of the commercial class politics.
- Nicias- member of Athenian aristocracy became the rival of Cleon.
- Alcibiades- prominent Athenian statemens, orator and general.
• Weapons and War
-Persian war- Hoplon was Greek weapon made by wood covered by bronze. Inside was leather.
-Peloponnesian war- Short swords, shields, helmets.
Who participated in the Army?
- All physically fit citizens 18-60 years.
-Peltast- was a lighter infantryman, without armor except for a helmet. Armed with long spears. And a shield.
- Hoplite- Heavy man. Wore armor, a breastplate, helmet, and greaves. He was armored with a long spear.
- Psiloi- was the missile troops, completely unarmored. Could be armed with a bow, a sling, or a small spear. Rarely carried shields. Fought in an extended open order.
- Cavalry- some armies also had small numbers of cavalry. These could be light cavalry, unarmed men in open order armed only with small spheres. Other cavalry fought in a closer formation.
Famous Battles
- Persian war(492-449) B.C.
- Land and sea battle
- Battle of Marathon-Took place in first Persian Invasion.
- Battle of Salamis 480 B.C.- It was fought in September and was fought between the Greek city-states and their enemy Persia. The defeat at Salamis shifted the war in Greece Favors.
PowerPoint 4.
Art and Architecture of Athenians
• Key Players-
- -Theophil Freiherr
- -Ictinus
- -Prince of Bavaria
• Key Buildings
- Parthenon- temple of Parthenous, the Parthenon was built in the 5th century.
- Erechtheum- Temple from the middle classical of Greek.
• Athenian Architecture
- Big influence on a and architecture sculpture.
- Pottery was for bowls and cups.
- Corinth and Athenians dominated. Pottery became a industry and pottery painting became a form of art.
- Black, red, yellow, and white were main colors.
- Painting was a big role. Played as a visual.
- Paintings on walls.
- Greek sculptures were always painted and very bright paint.
- Buildings- ionic, Parthenon, were all huge pillar building with gods.
• Money
- Type of Money- decadrachmA(43.25G), TETRADRACHMA(17.20G), DRACHMA(4.30G), OBOL(.72G)
• Hellenistic
- Art and Architecture spread into India
- Excavation of Ai-Khanoum in eastern Afghanistan
- Greco- Buddhist art represented a syncretism between Greek art and the visual expression of Buddhism
• Success or Fail?
- It was a success.
- Money- they increased their money to build more theaters and to make paintings.
- Popularity- it increased because of the theaters.
- Theaters- were main attraction during this period.
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