Justice Katy Austin. Chapter five two notes- Settling on the Great plains. Rail Roads moving west. 1862 crongress passed pacific bill railroad which granted public land and funds to build a transcontinental railroad. two groups were building the rail road started in the different parts. work was very hard. mojority of the work force were chinese. Both companies wanted to race to see how far they could get. Golden Spike was where the two RR met. Promintary point utah 1869. Signified our country coming together. Homestead Act- Gave right to and citizen recived 160 acres in the west. Many people had no idea what they were doing. Some of them did know but didn't have any water. kind of failed. why did people move west? homestead act. RR. There was free land. Cattlers, miners, and wood cutters. Only ten percent actually settled who were suppose to stay.. In less than a day over two million people took land in the state in Oklahoma.People got land before the government opened it up. Why they're called the Sooner State.
Dugouts and Soddies. the settlers built their homes into hills because there weren't many trees. Advantages- it was got in the winter and cold in the summer. Disadvantages- everytime it rained it would leak into the house. What was it like living on the Great Plains (stuggles) Lack of trees. The Women helped the men in the fields Shaved the sheep to make clothing. had to do all the larbor indoors. cooking cleaning and raising children. Argricultural eucations- supported act by national government. It was because olf that morril act of 1862 and 1890 allowed land to be givin to states so they would hlep finance agricultual The Hatch act of the 1887 allowed agricultural experimiment stations to help farmers.
Colsing the Frontier- Henery Washburn and Nathaniel Langford wanted congress to pass an act protectsing the wilderness. They were expanding so quicks. --Yellow stone came to be. 1879- Department of Interior forced Railroads to give up their western landholdings. Land holdings were in equal go ghe area of N.Y. N.J. Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. 1890 there were was not frontier, scared people because the nation was always expanding, but they didn't have many places to expand to. *Islands) Hard for famers to create homestead. durings 1800 and 1900 many machines were made to help farmers farm. steel plow, grain mill, reaping machine, spring tooth harrow and barbed wire, corn binnder. in 70 years a whole bushel of grain went from 183 to 10 mintures. It was really hard to be a farmer. Farmers in debt. Machienery was expensive. had to borrow money from everyone they knew. a lot of them couldn't pay it back. RR companies created bonaza farms with one type of crop. on miles of land. most of the farms were ran by companies.. plains experienced droughts. After the drought the bonaza frams went bank rupt. RR's started charging a lot more money for the farmers of the West.
Section three- what problems did famers face? Who are the populous what did
they belive in? Farmers were in bad finacial stages. and had bad land. Rake in new ground, Paying for new farn things. Economy was changing, and prices of crops were going down, Out west the rail roads had no competition and could charge how ever much they wanted. Value of money was going up and prices went down, Blans Allision Act required the government ti coin 2 to 4 million a year. Patrons of Husbandry- to inform farmers what was going on. then turned into making RR's change ways so it wasn't as expensive. Realized that if they come together and protest, they will get more done.They had 4 million members. Populism- the movemont of the people born because of farmers and othe common people. Demands- wanted the burned of debt on farmers to be liftes. Wanted a greater voice in their government. Money, graduated income tax, federal lan program, election by popular vote, single terms for presidents and vice. Secret ballet to end vote and fraudm, Eight hour work day, and restrictions on immigration. in 1882 a populist canidate won about 10% of all the votes. 5 senators and three govenors. about 1,500 state legislators. Panic of 1893. farmers were getting too many debts and too many loans. Philadelphia and the Reading RR went bankrupt. With all of these issues people stated to panic and started to traid their money for gold. Mines opend\ed. Midwest farmers suffered droughts which drove their land value down. Silverite- inflation.
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