5-1 Hannah Early and Navi Baxter
-Describe Native American culture.
-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains?
-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies?
-Describe a cowboy's life. they stemmed from those first spanish ranchers mexico, clothes food and vocab were influenced by mexican. mustangs were really prized by the cowboys, cowboys were not in great demand until the railroads reached great plains. 55000 worked the plain plains 1866 and 1855 25% were african american they usually worked 10 to 14 hours a day on the trail some as young as age 15 broken down by age 40 their horses are usually owned by their boss. has to herd all the longhorns they found on and open range into a large corral. they were driving the cattle from south to north to get to the railroads. they would be in a saddle all day slept on ground bathed in rivers piled metal pbjects at edge of camp site due to lightning many things would cause a stampeed
- spain brought horses and guns to Indian Tribes
- Tribes live with extended family.
- men hunted and women made things out of animals.
- plains inians believed in spirits
- they treid not to have leaders
- white settlers took land from the namtive americans
- whites wanted to own land. mining claim or business
- 1858 gold and silver was found
- tens of thousands of people wen west.
- mining camps were gross
- people from all over the world came it mine
- virgina city nevada and helena montana were mining camps
- gold rush led to railroads to governments policy wuth native americans.
- 1834 passed an act great plains became all indian reservation
- 1950 created treaties.
- Novemner 29 us invaded indian territort
- over 150 were killed mainly children and women
- colonel john chivington "i want to peace till the indians suffer more"
- december 1866 warriors crazy horse ambushed captain william j fetterman
- 80 soldiers were killed
- battle of the hundred slain. fetterman massacre
- treaty of fort laramie- sioux live on resercation along the missiouri
- wounded knee was the last major battle between the Americans and native americans ( the plains wars)
- after the wars things started to settle down. buffalo were disapearing
- native americans were forced onto smaller reservations
- in 1854 ranchers drove cattle 700 miles
- people started finding more convenient route the next year
- plan was to have the trails and rail line come together
- the longdrive often lasted 3 months typical drive only had 1 cowboy per every 250-300
- james butler worked as a spy in the civil war he was shot while playing poker.
- martha jane burke spert sharp shooter
- way to many cattle no grass
- winter 1886 and 1887 was the worst winter
- cattle died by thousands
- callte operations went bankrupt and suffered finacial losses
- rachers began to fence off their land with barbed wire.
- wide open west no longer existed
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5-2 Justice Gessert, Katy Todd, Austin Fred.
-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains?
-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains? hot and cold weather water getting into their homes.
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains? it was hard work farming so with the machines it helped alot.
-1880 individuals bought more than 19 million acres of government owned land.
-in 1890 the census bureau claimed that the frontier didnt exhist.
-really hard for farmers to create their homesteads.
-in the 1800 and 1900 many machines were made to help the farmers with farming
-john deere, steel plow, grain drill, cyrus mccormick, barbed wire.
-the new machines helped alot because between the years of 1830 and the 1900 it went from 183 minutes to 10 minutes to produce bushel grain.
-machinery was expensive, sso they had to go out and borrow money.
-most farms were run my companies.
-1885 to 1890 the plains experianced droughts.
-1900 farmers had about 150 acres of land
-after the drought of the bonanza farms went bankrupt
5-3 Conrad
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains? they were getting in to bad financial situations. good farming land was being taken so many farmers had to break in new ground. breaking in new gound was difficult because of the lack of rich silt. the prices of crops were dropping so they needed more the make the same amount of money as before. and railroads were charging very high prices to hold a ship gain. many farmers lost their farms every day. farmers were paying more the sell their crops then they were selling for. they tried to get the government to put more money into circulation. they couldnt take anymore of the hard times so they organized. oliver hudson kelley founded the patronns of husbandry witch was ultimately known as the grange. origianally for educated isolated farmers. soon nearly all effort was spend fighting railroads. speakers went from town to town to educate about finances and how farmers got into trouble and things like govermental control of.
-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in? they were the movment of the people. born because of populists. wanted to the burden of debt on farmers to be lifted and people to have a say in their governemnt. wanted a greater voice for their government. suppliees. price of their goods and services. graduated income tax. farmers wanted inflation. federal loan program election by popular vote. single terms for president and vice president secret ballet to end vote fraud eight our work day. restrictions on immigration. who was attracted and hoe did it impacrt mainly to struggling farmers and desperate laborers in 1892 a populist candidate won about 10 percent of all the votes. 5 senators 3 governors about 1500 state legislators. the panic of 1893. in the 1880s farmers had to many debts and look out to many loans. the philadelphia and the reading railroad had both gone bankrupt in 1893. the government were losing gold because of the purchase of silver. causes mines opened meaning they flooded he markets with their silver. end of populism william brian and william mckinley both ran for election mckiley beat brian.
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