Ch. 7.1:immigrants- a person who migrates into another try usually for permentant residenceemigrates a person who emigrates from his or her native country or regionWhy did immigrants come to the US?euro peansbetween 1870 and 1920 20 million europeans had inngrated to the usthey came to escape religious persecutionwhole villages of jews were driven out of russiachinese and japanesechinagold rushjobs: building railroadsjobs after the railroads were built were farming, mining domestic serve, some stared their own businessJamaica , Cuba, peurto Rico, and other eslands. the jobs there were scarce, the us industrial boom offered jobs to everyone7% of Mexico's population came overtransportationfrom Europe took one weekfrom Asia it nearly took three weekssteerage was the cheapes way to trave usually in cago holdscrowded, often in gloom, no fresh air, rarely allowed on deckWhere did immigrants come from?europe, china, asia, japan, jamaica, cuba, peurto rico, and other islandsWhat problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?elis islandnew york harbor2% were denied entry they were sent to an inspectorhe would check documents, made sure they did not have any feloniesangel islandmainly only Chinese and Japanese came throughhad long intense questioning detained in filthy shacksWhy did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?nativism-favoritism toward native born americansnativist thought that immigrants from the right country such as germans, english , scandanavians were okay, countries that were progressive historically freethought problems were caused by latins, and asiansthey were mostly against the religion they practiced such as Roman Catholicsa naticist group in 1887 launched attacks against Catholicsmany colleges, businesses social clubs refused Jewsin 1917 a bill was passed requiring immigrants to be able to read 40 words in english or in their own language, even thought it was vetoed by the presidentanti asian sentimentchinese exclusion actbanned entry to all Chinese except students, tourists, gov officials, and teachershappened because of the depression of 1873 jobs were scares and people feared the jobs would to to the Chinese,since they worked for lower wagesjapanese in 1906 they were segragated into different schoolsthe japanese disliked thisCh. 7.2-Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?Americanization movementbring people together to form a dominant cultureallowed freedom of their own language-What problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population?Jane Adams:hull houseantiwar activistsource of inspirationwanted better care for infantssettlement housesent nurses into the homes of the sick and provided airprovided ed and social servicesserve the poorstaffed by womeninspired by the social gospel movement-preaching salvation by helping servicewatershortage of safe drinking watervery little indoor plumbingcollected water to bathediseases: cholera and typhoid feverlack of water: fires spreadingfirelack of water: fires spread quicklywood dwellings susceptible to firehazard: candles and kerosene heatersenemy of the citycrimetheft and pick pocketing increasedlaw enforcement too small to make impactWhat did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?transportationmass transit-designed to move large numbers of peoplehousingtenements-multi family urban dwellingover crowded and unsanitarya family would share a room with 4-5 families in a place that should holy be for one familyhousing options:buy outside of town and face transportation problemsrent cramped roomssanitationno garbage collectionsewer flowed freelylack of hygiene living conditiondead horses and manure often found on streetsCh. 7.3-What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?the gilded age was modern industrial economy. gilded means to be covered with goldthe emergency of the political machinescities experienced rapid growththe political machine-organized group that controls all activities of a political party in a cityoffered services to voters and businesses in exchange for political or financial supportthe political machine took over local governments decades after the civil war endedorganized like a pyramidtop was city bossesbase was local workers and captainsward bosses and city bosses worked togetherrole of political bosscontrolled access to municipal jobs and business licenses and influenced courts and other agenciessome bosses used their power to build parks , sewer systems, hospitalsthey could provide support for new businessesimmigrants and the machinesome immigrants were only educated in grammer schoolthry could talk to the immigrants in their own language and they understood what they were going thorughthey machines help the immigranst get full citizenship, housing, and jobsmuniciple graft and scandalmany bosses fell victim to corruption and their infyulec grewsome machines made fake names to get the number of cotes they neededwhen the candidate was in office the machine took advantage of oppertunitiesgranted favors to businesses in return fo rcash and accepted bribes to allow illegal events to happenthe police left the political bribes alone4graft-the illegal use of political influence for personal gain-Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.tweed was born in 18231851-he began to build a power base in Tammany and then was elected into the democratic party1876-was elected governor of new york and nearly won presidency in the electoral college to Rutherford b Hayesdied in jail in 1878tweed and his assistants stole between 30 and 200 million dollarstweed escaped prison in December 1875 and fled to Europethe tweed ring scandal defrauded the city, openly bought votes, encouraged judicial corruption, and controlled new york politicsthe spoils system-What caused all this corruption in government?dishonest people like tweedpatronage/spoils systemgov gave jobs to people for voting for candidates-What laws came about to reform government?reform under Hayes, Garfield, and ArthurRutherford b hays could not convince the congress to support reformwhen Hayes decided not to run for president again, the stalwarts and the reformers broke out at a republican conventionJames a Garfield reformer, was nominated as the new president with VP Chester a. Arthur, stalwartGarfield was shot by a stalwart in a train stationbecause he was a reformer and the guy that shot him wanted Arthur a stalwart, as presidentwhen Arthur heard about the reason, he changed from a stalwart to a reformerArthur passed the pendleton civil service act 1883by 1901 over 40% of all jobs had been classified as vile service positions, but the pendleton act had mixed consequencespublic administration became more honest and efficientofficials could no longer pressure employees for campaign contributespoliticians turned to other sources for donationsbusiness buys influencepoliticians turned to wealthy ownersHarrison , Cleveland, and high tariffsbusinesses hoped the government would raise tariffs to protect the domestic industries form foreign countriesHarrison won with a campaign of higher tariffs, Cleveland won popular vote, but Harrison won electoral votepassed the McKinley tariff act of 1890 raised tariffs to the highest level yetthe attempt to reduce tariffs failed, but the spirit of the reform was not deaddemocratic party didn't want high tariffs so they raised prices insteadCleveland was nominated president and he tried to lower tariffs, but congress would not let himtechnology could change into the 20th century and refine the american society-Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president?
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